Table 2.
Externalizing Disorder Co-Morbidity and Aggression among ADHD Children and Adolescents (N = 268)
| Variable | ADHD, no co-morbid condition | ADHD + co-morbid condition | t-test (df) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ADHD, no CD (n = 209) | ADHD + CD (n = 59) | |||
| Overt aggression (CBCL) | 64.29 (10.16) | 77.05 (10.88) | t(258) = −8.35 | <0.001 |
| Overt aggression (MOAS)a | 27.62 (27.25) | 61.06 (40.76) | t(66) = −5.63 | <0.001 |
| Proactive aggressiona | 1.38 (0.60) | 2.40 (1.08) | t(62) = −6.62 | <0.001 |
| Reactive aggressiona | 2.83 (1.18) | 3.86 (0.82) | t(120) = −7.25 | <0.001 |
| ADHD, no ODD(n = 107) | ADHD + ODD(n = 161) | |||
| Overt aggression (CBCL)a | 65.13 (13.34) | 68.54 (10.15) | t(178) = −2.33 | 0.029 |
| Overt aggression (MOAS) | 30.84 (36.07) | 37.71 (31.90) | t(237) = −1.54 | 0.125 |
| Proactive aggression | 1.57 (0.95) | 1.62 (0.78) | t(237) = −0.50 | 0.620 |
| Reactive aggression | 2.84 (1.25) | 3.20 (1.13) | t(237) = −2.27 | 0.024 |
Values denote means (standard deviations). The false discovery rate (FDR) procedure was used to control for Type 1 error inflation in testing statistical significance.
a
t-test calculated assuming unequal variability between groups.
Abbreviations: ADHD = Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; CD = conduct disorder; CBCL = Child Behavior Checklist; MOAS = Modified Overt Aggression Scale; ODD = oppositional defiant disorder.