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. 2014 Oct 20;21(12):1741–1758. doi: 10.1089/ars.2013.5587

FIG. 10.

FIG. 10.

H2S donors ADT-OH and NaHS activated AMPK and suppressed M1 polarization in an in vivo microglia-mediated neuroinflammation model. (A, B) Western blotting of p-AMPK and total AMPK expression levels in the lateral septal complex area at 4 h after an ICV injection of LPS. Compared with control mice receiving an ICV injection of saline (Con), AMPK activation (phosphorylation) was markedly reduced in the lateral septal complex area of LPS-injected mice (LPS). ADT-OH (A) or NaHS (B) significantly enhanced AMPK activation in the lateral septal complex area of LPS-injected mice (n=6). **p<0.01, compared with control mice; #p<0.05 or ##p<0.01, compared with LPS-injected mice (LPS). (C–F) qPCR measurement of mRNA expression of M1 genes (iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) in the lateral septal complex area at 6 h after LPS injection. ADT-OH suppressed LPS-evoked mRNA expression of iNOS (n=6), TNF-α (n=8), IL-1β (n=7), and IL-6 (n=6) in the lateral septal complex area of LPS-injected mice. (G, H) qPCR measurement of mRNA expression of the M2 gene arginase 1 (n=6) and YM1/2 (n=7) in the lateral septal complex area at 6 h after LPS injection. ADT-OH enhanced arginase 1 and YM1/2 mRNA in the lateral septal complex area of LPS-injected mice. (I) ELISA measurement of IL-10 protein levels in the lateral septal complex area at 12 h after LPS injection (n=7). ADT-OH enhanced IL-10 production in the LPS-induced mice. *p<0.05 or **p<0.01, compared with control mice (Con); #p<0.05 or ##p<0 .01, compared with LPS-injected mice (LPS). ICV, intracerebroventricular.