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. 2014 Oct 20;21(12):1741–1758. doi: 10.1089/ars.2013.5587

FIG. 7.

FIG. 7.

The CaMKKβ inhibitor STO-609 significantly attenuated ADT-OH-promoted M2 polarization of BV2 microglial cells. (A–D) qPCR measurement of mRNA expression of M1 genes iNOS (n=5), TNF-α (n=4), IL-1β (n=3), and IL-6 (n=6) in BV2 cells at 6 h after LPS stimulation. ADT-OH suppression of LPS-evoked M1 gene expression (iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) was markedly attenuated by STO-609 at 10 or 50 μM. (E, F) qPCR measurement of mRNA expression of the M2 genes arginase 1 (n=4) and YM1/2 (n=3) in BV2 cells at 6 h after LPS stimulation. ADT-OH-elevated expression of arginase 1 and YM1/2 was markedly attenuated by STO-609 at both concentrations. (G) ELISA measurement of protein levels of the M2 mediator IL-10 in media of BV2 cell cultures at 24 h after LPS stimulation. ADT-OH-elevated IL-10 production was markedly attenuated by STO-609 at both concentrations (n=3). *p<0.05 or **p<0.01, compared with control cells treated with vehicle (Con); ##p<0.01, compared with cells treated with LPS alone (LPS); and $p<0.05 or $$p<0.01, compared with BV2 cells treated with LPS plus ADT-OH (LPS+ADT-OH).