Table 1. The comparison of demographic data among the control and patients with CHF.
| Control (n = 20) |
NYHA I/II (n = 32) |
NYHA III (n = 42) |
NYHA IV (n = 30) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men, n (%) | 12 (60.00) | 32 (61.54) | 30 (57.69) | 27 (67.50) |
| Age (y) | 71.50±8.58 | 71.33±9.10 | 69.81±8.06 | 70.02±6.31 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 22.25±3.11 | 21.15±2.93 | 21.92±2.73 | 22.52±3.20 |
| CHF causes, n (%) | ||||
| Hypertensive heart diseases | - | 15 | 17 | 16 |
| Ischemic heart diseases | - | 10 | 13 | 13 |
| Dilated cardiomyopathy | - | 3 | 7 | 6 |
| Valvular diseases | - | 2 | 4 | 3 |
| Others | - | 2 | 1 | 2 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 128.75±2.35 | 129.00±2.41 | 127.83±5.33 | 127.71±2.78 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 78.45±3.76 | 79.13±3.31 | 77.52±3.43 | 80.59±2.41 |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 79.28±8.35 | 82.63±7.62 | 88.59±7.10 | 84.13±2.69 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 0 | 6 | 8 | 6 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 0 | 9 | 13 | 8 |
| Alcohol, n (%) | 0 | 6 | 10 | 5 |
| Symptoms | ||||
| Abdominal pain | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| Weight loss | 0 | 3 | 4 | 3 |
| Bloating | 0 | 2 | 5 | 3 |
| Diarrhea | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Ejection fraction (%) | 64.17±7.61 | 47.11±11.45a | 43.47±14.15a,b | 39.99±11.60a,b,c |
| NT-proBNP (pg/ml) | 36.27±8.93 | 1174.87±297.36a | 1315.53±309.54a,b | 1400.20±557.21a,b,c |
| Total protein (g/L) | 63.57±6.26 | 63.39±7.71 | 61.53±7.12a,b | 58.92±8.33a,b,c |
| Albumin (g/L) | 49.82±5.11 | 42.15±4.37a | 36.38±7.55a,b | 31.53±6.73a,b,c |
| Pro-albumin (mg/L) | 326.20±27.12 | 195.73±42.56a | 142.97±51.29a,b | 122.36±36.75a,b,c |
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | 135.71±12.28 | 123.57±12.67 | 110.92±14.32 | 112.36±16.95 |
| sCr (μmol/L) | 44.84±11.96 | 53.26±13.67 | 58.14±15.49a | 87.55±18.76a,b,c |
| BUN (mmol/L) | 3.98±0.93 | 4.77±1.32 | 6.92±2.06a,b | 8.15±2.68a,b,c |
| TNF-α (pg/mL) | 96.67±17.48 | 121.85±36.30 | 204.08±68.81a,b | 282.07±71.80a,b,c |
| IL-1β (pg/mL) | 20.84±14.39 | 37.48±15.97a | 47.64±21.73a,b | 76.72±21.78a,b,c |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 4.54±3.18 | 8.87±3.40a | 10.87±4.52a | 13.32±5.93a,b,c |
| Leptin (ng/mL) | 10.97±2.35 | 9.61±2.75 | 7.09±2.46a,b | 5.33±2.90a,b,c |
CHF: chronic heart failure; NYHA:New York Heart Association; BMI: body mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide; sCr: serum creatinine; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α; IL-1β: interleukin-1β; IL-6: interleukin-6. Values expressed in mean±SD or frequency
aP<0.05: versus control
bP<0.05: versus NYHA I/II
cP<0.05: versus NYHA III.