Table 2.
Unstandardized and Standardized Factor Loadings from One-Factor, Oblique Two-Factor Configural Models, and Orthogonal Two-Factor Method Effects with Positive and Negative Specific Factors for English and Spanish Language Versions of the LOT-R
| LOT-R item | Unstandardized factor loadings | Standardized factor loadings | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| English (n = 205) | Spanish (n = 217) | English (n = 205) | Spanish (n = 217) | |
| One-Factor Configural Model | ||||
|
| ||||
| 1. In uncertain times, I usually expect the best. | 1.00 | 1.00 | .26 | .63 |
| 2. If something can go wrong for me, it will. | 2.27* | 0.14 | .57 | .10 |
| 3. I’m always optimistic about my future. | 1.17* | 0.85* | .32 | .70 |
| 4. I hardly expect things to go my way. | 2.56* | −0.04 | .66 | −.03 |
| 5. I rarely count on good things happening to me. | 2.46* | 0.22 | .58 | .14 |
| 6. Overall, I expect more good things to happen to me than bad. | 2.20* | 0.93* | .59 | .58 |
|
| ||||
| Oblique Two-Factor Configural Model | ||||
|
| ||||
| Optimism | ||||
| 1. In uncertain times, I usually expect the best. | 1.00 | 1.00 | .38 | .65 |
| 3. I’m always optimistic about my future. | 1.15* | 0.80* | .46 | .68 |
| 6. Overall, I expect more good things to happen to me than bad. | 2.15* | 0.90* | .86 | .58 |
| Pessimism | ||||
| 2. If something can go wrong for me, it will. | 1.00 | 1.00 | .60 | .25 |
| 4. I hardly expect things to go my way. | 1.10* | 1.54 | .68 | .36 |
| 5. I rarely count on good things happening to me. | 1.12* | 2.84 | .65 | .66 |
|
| ||||
| Orthogonal Two-Factor Method Effects with Positive Specific Factor | ||||
|
| ||||
| Positive Specific Factor | ||||
| 1. In uncertain times, I usually expect the best. | 1.00 | 1.00 | .52 | .67 |
| 3. I’m always optimistic about my future. | 1.14* | 0.77* | .62 | .66 |
| 6. Overall, I expect more good things to happen to me than bad. | 0.92* | 0.85* | .50 | .56 |
| Optimism General Factor | ||||
| 1. In uncertain times, I usually expect the best. | 1.00 | 1.00 | .12 | .05 |
| 2. If something can go wrong for me, it will. | 5.45 | 4.22 | .61 | .22 |
| 3. I’m always optimistic about my future. | 1.33 | 1.73 | .16 | .10 |
| 4. I hardly expect things to go my way. | 5.97 | 6.42 | .68 | .31 |
| 5. I rarely count on good things happening to me. | 6.07 | 15.66 | .64 | .76 |
| 6. Overall, I expect more good things to happen to me than bad. | 4.10 | 3.75 | .49 | .17 |
|
| ||||
| Orthogonal Two-Factor Method Effects with Negative Specific Factor | ||||
|
| ||||
| Negative Specific Factor | ||||
| 2. If something can go wrong for me, it will. | 1.00 | 1.00 | .50 | .27 |
| 4. I hardly expect things to go my way. | 0.93* | 1.92 | .48 | .47 |
| 5. I rarely count on good things happening to me. | 1.38* | 2.12 | .66 | .53 |
| Optimism General Factor | ||||
| 1. In uncertain times, I usually expect the best. | 1.00 | 1.00 | .38 | .63 |
| 2. If something can go wrong for me, it will. | 0.90* | 0.13 | .33 | .09 |
| 3. I’m always optimistic about my future. | 1.16* | 0.87* | .46 | .70 |
| 4. I hardly expect things to go my way. | 1.13* | −0.08 | .42 | −.05 |
| 5. I rarely count on good things happening to me. | 0.83* | 0.21 | .29 | .14 |
| 6. Overall, I expect more good things to happen to me than bad. | 2.20* | 0.94* | .87 | .58 |
Note. The factor loading for the first item was fixed to 1 to set the metric for the latent variable. P-values are only presented for the unstandardized factor loadings
*
p < .05.