Table 1.

Agreement on route subscales between virtual raters with different familiarities of the environment (n=60)

Subscale	Label	Number of Items	Mean (SD)	Virtual Tool^a		In-field Tool^b
				ICC (95% Confidence Interval)	Range of Item Kappas or ICCs (% Agreement)	ICC	Range of Item Kappas or ICCs (% Agreement)
Land use and destination
Positive Subscale
ResMix	Single family homes, apartment and condominiums, apartments above street retail	4	1.20	0.643	0.378–1.000	0.577	0.290–0.776
ResMix		4	(0.65)	(0.437–0.785)	(87.0%–100.0%)		(84.5%–98.9%)
Commercial-Shops	Food-related land uses, retail and service-oriented land uses and shopping centers	10	2.48	0.881	0.196–0.796	0.873	0.407–0.842
Commercial-Shops		10	(2.90)	(0.795–0.932)	(80.4%–100.0%)		(87.6%–98.6%)
Commercial-Restaurants/Entertainment	Food-related uses (fast food, sit-down, cafe), entertainment	4	1.59	0.877	0.407–0.877	0.842	0.765–0.796
Commercial-Restaurants/Entertainment		4	(1.83)	(0.789–0.930)	(82.6%–91.3%)		(87.6%–98.3%)
Institutional service -professional service	Bank/Credit union, health-related professional, other services	3	1.87	0.829	0.503–0.628	0.849	0.743–0.808
Institutional service -professional service		3	(1.93)	(0.712–0.902)	(73.9%–78.3%)		(81.3%–93.8%)
Institutional service -Religious, Schools	Government or community land use, place of worship, school	2	0.15	0.630	0.543–1.000	0.717	0.712–0.722
Institutional service -Religious, Schools	Government or community land use, place of worship, school	2	(0.42)	(0.418–0.775)	(93.5%–100.0%)		(90.7%–94.1%)
Government Service	Health or social services, library/museums, post office, senior center	4	0.17	0.514	0.729–1.000	0.652	0.279–0.798
Government Service		4	(0.26)	(0.268–0.698)	(95.7%–100.0%)		(94.8%–99.7%)
Parking Structures (Positive)	No parking facilities present, parallel/angled on-street parking	2	1.03	0.860	0.870–1.000	0.736	−0.011–0.689
Parking Structures (Positive)		2	(1.00)	(0.761–0.920)	(93.5%–97.8%)		(89.7%–96.9%)
Recreational land use-Public recreation facilites	Community garden, public indoor, public outdoor pay, public park	4	0.24	0.621	0.471–1.000	0.717	0.497–0.679
Recreational land use-Public recreation facilites		4	(0.46)	(0.408–0.770)	(82.6%–100.0%)		(93.4%–99.3%)
Recreational land use-Private recreation facilites	Private indoor, private outdoor	2	0.24	0.706	0.503–1.000	0.696	0.659–0.704
Recreational land use-Private recreation facilites	Private indoor, private outdoor	2	(0.54)	(0.527–0.826)	(89.1%)		(96.8%–98.3%)
DLU Commercial (an interim subscale, may be used independently, but not included in overall scores)	Sum of shops, restaurant/entertainment, and services subscales. Subscale created to reflect most common pedestrian destinations. Not included in overall positive subscale.	3	5.93	0.906		0.889
		subscales	(6.21)	(0.838–0.947)
DLU Overall Positive Subscale	Sum of subscales: residential mix, shops, restaurants/entertainment, services, government services, religious, school, positive parking, public recreation, and private recreation	10	8.86	0.880		0.855
DLU Overall Positive Subscale		subscales	(6.29)	(0.794–0.931)
Negative Subscale
DLU Overall Negtive Subscale	Warehouse/factory/industrial, abandoned building, unmaintained lot/field, casino, large parking facilities	5	1.74	0.794	0.479–0.700	0.610	−0.029–0.659
DLU Overall Negtive Subscale		5	(1.34)	(0.657–0.880)	(80.4%–100.0%)		(76.2%–100%)
Overall
DLU_overall	DLU Overall Positive Subscale Score minus		7.12	0.849		0.801
DLU_overall	DLU Overall Negative Subscale Score		(5.89)	(0.743–0.913)
Streetscape
Positive Elements Subscale	Transit stops, posted speed limit, pedestrian signage, street amenities (e.g., working telephone, trash bins)	18	3.10	0.616	0.375–0.789	0.741	0.395–0.838
Positive Elements Subscale		18	(1.59)	(0.401–0.767)	(65.2%–100.0%)		(57.4%–98.9%)
Negative Elements Subscale	High speed limits, roll-over curbs, driveways	5	2.09	0.685	0.433–0.814	0.742	0.433–0.814
Negative Elements Subscale	High speed limits, roll-over curbs, driveways	5	(0.98)	(0.497–0.812)	(80.4%–95.8%)		(76.3%–95.8%)
Overall Streetscape Score	Positive Streetscape Elements Subscale Score minus Negative Streetscape Elements Subscale Score		1.01	0.644		0.762
Overall Streetscape Score			(2.09)	(0.438–0.785)
Aesthetics and Social
Positive Aesthetics and Social Subscale	Public art, landscaping maintenance	5	2.15	0.485	0.292–0.457	0.632	0.391–0.689
Positive Aesthetics and Social Subscale	Public art, landscaping maintenance	5	(0.97)	(0.231–0.677)	(61.0%–91.3%)		(61.0%–91.0%)
Negative Aesthetics and Social Subscale	Graffiti, physical disorder, broken windows	3	0.38	0.409	0.188–0.483	0.514	0.088–0.665
Negative Aesthetics and Social Subscale	Graffiti, physical disorder, broken windows	3	(0.75)	(0.140–0.623)	(71.3%–95.7%)		(68.6%–100%)
Overall Aesthetics and Social Subscale	Positive Aesthetics and Social Subscale Score minus Negative Aesthetics and Social Subscale Score		1.77	0.563		0.580
Overall Aesthetics and Social Subscale			(1.33)	(0.331–0.731)
Overall
Total Route Score	Sum of three over scores		9.90	0.832		0.816
Total Route Score	Sum of three over scores		(7.21)	(0.717–0.903)

Measured by Google Earth between virtual raters with different familiarities of the environment.

Measured in-field between raters with same familiarity of the environment (Millstain RA, Cain KL, Sallis JF, et al. Development, scoring, and reliability of the Microscale Audit of Pedestrian Streetscapes (MAPS). BMC Public Health. 2013 Apr 27;13:403.).