Table 3.

Agreement on crossing subscales between virtual raters with different familiarities of the environment (n=92)

Subscale	Label	Number of Items	Mean (SD)	Virtual Tool^a		In-field Tool^b
				ICC (95% Confidence Interval)	Range of Item Kappas or ICCs (% Agreement)	ICC	Range of Item Kappas or ICCs (% Agreement)
Positive Subscale
Crosswalk Amenities/Qualities	Crosswalk characteristics (e.g., marked crosswalk, high visibility markings)	9	0.81	0.577	0.304–0.660	0.807	−0.012–0.816
Crosswalk Amenities/Qualities		9	(1.01)	(0.392–0.718)	(77.1%–100%)		(86.8%–99.7%)
Curb	Pre- and post-crossing curb lining up with crossing	2	1.73	0.790	0.635–0.861	0.684	0.648–0.651
Quality/Presence	Pre- and post-crossing curb lining up with crossing	2	(0.66)	(0.680–0.865)	(90.0%–94.0%)		(81.8%–84.7%)
Intersection Control and Signage	Stop signs, pedestrian walk signals	10	3.88	0.657	0.359–0.793	0.752	0.327–0.811
Intersection Control and Signage	Stop signs, pedestrian walk signals	10	(2.85)	(0.498–0.773)	(72.9%–100%)		(88.4%–98.7%)
Overall Positive Crossing Characteristics Subscale	Sum of subscales: crosswalk amenities/qualities, curb quality/presence, intersection control and signage	3	3.24	0.703		0.828
Overall Positive Crossing Characteristics Subscale		subscales	(1.96)	(0.555–0.808)
Negative Subscale
Lanes/Road Width of Crossing	Distance of crossing leg (# lanes wide, trichotomized)	1	1.16	0.348	0.553–0.517	0.525	0.524
Lanes/Road Width of Crossing	Distance of crossing leg (# lanes wide, trichotomized)	1	(0.56)	(0.126–0.537)	(64.3%–68.6%)		(66.0%–72.9%)
Crossing Impediments	No curb ramp, gutters in crossing, faded/worn crosswalk markings	7	0.19	0.800	0.767–0.858	0.728	0.188–0.893
Crossing Impediments		7	(0.49)	(0.695–0.872)	(94.3%–100%)		(83.0%–99.4%)
Overall Negative Crossing	Sum of subscales: Lanes/Road	2	0.88	0.548		0.587
Characteristics Subscale	Width of Crossing, Crossing Impediments	subscales	(0.75)	(0.357–0.695)
Overall Subscales
Overall Crossings Score	Sum of subscales: Overall Positive		3.60	0.771		0.830
Overall Crossings Score	Crossing Characteristics-Overall Negative Crossing Characteristics		(3.48)	(0.650–0.854)

Measured by Google Earth between virtual raters with different familiarities of the environment.

Measured in field between raters with same familiarity of the environment (Millstain RA, Cain KL, Sallis JF, et al. Development, scoring, and reliability of the Microscale Audit of Pedestrian Streetscapes (MAPS). BMC Public Health. 2013 Apr 27;13:403.).