Table 1.

Summary Statistics (N=30,802,189)

Variables	Mean	Std. Dev	Min	Max
Dependent variables: Maternal Health Behaviors
1st Trimester Prenatal Care	0.73	0.45	0	1
Smoked	0.17	0.38	0	1
Drank alcohol (1994–2006)	0.01	0.10	0	1
Adequate Weight Gain	0.33	0.47	0	1
Dependent variables: Infant Health
Birth Weight	3280.36	576.65	227	8165
Birth Weight<2500 g	0.07	0.26	0	1
Gestation Weeks	38.75	2.58	17	47
State EITC variables (No State EITC omitted reference)
Low EITC no refund	0.04	0.19	0	1
Low EITC with refund	0.05	0.23	0	1
High EITC no refund	0.01	0.07	0	1
High EITC with refund	0.12	0.33	0	1
Individual-Level Covariates
Maternal age	25.65	5.73	18	54
Married	0.49	0.50	0	1
Female baby	0.49	0.50	0	1
Black	0.17	0.38	0	1
Native American	0.01	0.12	0	1
Asian	0.03	0.18	0	1
Hispanic	0.33	0.47	0	1
Less than high school	0.38	0.49	0	1
Hispanic ethnicity missing	0.01	0.08	0	1
County-Level Covariates
Unemployment	6.21	2.75	0.8	31
Real income per capita (in $1000s)	16.50	4.67	2.64	64.03
Percent poverty	14.57	5.41	2.2	62
Primary care physicians per 1000 females age 15–44	1.90	0.70	0	29.85
County pop 500,000–1,000,000	0.17	0.37	0	1
County pop 250,000–500,000	0.14	0.35	0	1
County pop 100,000–250,000	0.15	0.36	0	1
County pop < 100,000	0.26	0.44	0	1