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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Brain Behav Immun. 2017 Jul 21;67:13–23. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.07.017

Figure 2. Blood-brain barrier efflux transporter inhibition caused behavioral seizures in the primary motor cortex.

Figure 2

(A) Representative raw EEG tracings of a nonpregnant (Nonpreg) rat 2 hours after efflux transporter inhibition. A high frequency epileptiform discharge was present in the M1 EEG (top trace inset) that was absent from the hippocampal EEG (middle trace) with no change in reference signal (Ref.; bottom trace). (B) Time-synced video image associated with the epileptiform activity in the primary motor cortex from panel A. The rat on the left demonstrated bilateral tonic extension of the forelimbs (boxed inset). (C) Quantification of the incidence of behavioral seizures in Nonpreg (n = 5) and pregnant (Preg, n = 7) rats 1, 2, 4 and 8 hours post-efflux transporter inhibition. The percent of Nonpreg and Preg rats exhibiting behavioral seizures increased over time, with 100% of rats exhibiting behavioral seizures 8 hours after efflux transporter inhibition.