Table 1.
Baseline data for demographics, risk factors, and medical histories
| Variable | Total (n = 734) | HFrEF (n = 425) | HFmrEF (n = 187) | HFpEF (n = 122) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||||
| Age (years) | 69.1 (11.6) 70.6 (19.0; 95.3) |
69.8 (11.2) 71.6 (19.0; 95.3) |
67.8 (12.3) 69.8 (20.8; 89.8) |
68.7 (11.8) 69.2 (30.0; 89.7) |
0.11 |
| Male | 549 (74.8%) | 337 (79.3%) | 133 (71.1%) | 79 (64.8%) | 0.0004 |
| Cardiovascular risk factors | |||||
| Hypertension | 388 (52.9%) | 213 (50.1%) | 92 (49.2%) | 83 (68.0%) | 0.0033 |
| BMI >30 kg/m2 | 209 (28.5%) | 121 (28.5%) | 48 (25.7%) | 40 (32.8%) | 0.57 |
| Diabetes | 181 (24.7%) | 112 (26.4%) | 33 (17.6%) | 36 (29.5%) | 0.88 |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 258 (35.3%) | 164 (38.9%) | 56 (29.9%) | 38 (31.4%) | 0.045 |
| Stress | 179 (24.5%) | 98 (23.1%) | 53 (28.5%) | 28 (23.0%) | 0.66 |
| Cardiovascular diseases | |||||
| Ischemic heart disease | 339 (46.2%) | 218 (51.3%) | 82 (43.9%) | 39 (32.0%) | 0.0001 |
| Primary valvular disease | 89 (12.1%) | 46 (10.8%) | 19 (10.2%) | 24 (19.7%) | 0.028 |
| Cardiomyopathy | 243 (33.1%) | 152 (35.8%) | 57 (30.5%) | 34 (27.9%) | 0.067 |
| Chronic persistent atrial fibrillation | 201 (27.4%) | 120 (28.2%) | 42 (22.5%) | 39 (32.0%) | 0.83 |
| Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation | 119 (16.2%) | 68 (16.0%) | 24 (12.8%) | 27 (22.1%) | 0.28 |
| VES/VT | 130 (17.7%) | 84 (19.8%) | 34 (18.2%) | 12 (9.8%) | 0.019 |
| Non-cardiovascular diseases | |||||
| Mild/moderate pulmonary disease | 70 (9.5%) | 43 (10.1%) | 15 (8.0%) | 12 (9.8%) | 0.73 |
| Severe pulmonary disease | 13 (1.8%) | 7 (1.6%) | 3 (1.6%) | 3 (2.5%) | 0.61 |
| GFR <30 ml/min | 34 (4.7%) | 21 (5.0%) | 8 (4.3%) | 5 (4.1%) | |
| 30–60 ml/min | 257 (35.3%) | 163 (38.6%) | 51 (27.6%) | 43 (35.5%) | |
| >60 ml/min | 437 (60.0%) | 238 (56.4%) | 126 (68.1%) | 73 (60.3%) | 0.14 |
| Stroke without sequelae | 62 (8.4%) | 33 (7.8%) | 17 (9.1%) | 12 (9.8%) | 0.42 |
| Stroke with sequelae | 23 (3.1%) | 15 (3.5%) | 5 (2.7%) | 3 (2.5%) | 0.48 |
| Hemoglobin (g/L) (cat.) | |||||
| <90 | 4 (0.6%) | 2 (0.5%) | 2 (1.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| 90 to <110 | 29 (4.5%) | 22 (6.0%) | 3 (1.8%) | 4 (3.6%) | |
| ≥110 | 611 (94.9%) | 342 (93.4%) | 161 (97.0%) | 108 (96.4%) | 0.14 |
| Depression | 81 (11.0%) | 47 (11.1%) | 20 (10.7%) | 14 (11.5%) | 0.95 |
| Impotence | 140 (29.3%) | 93 (32.0%) | 35 (28.2%) | 12 (19.0%) | 0.046 |
| Malignancy (active) | 15 (2.0%) | 9 (2.1%) | 4 (2.1%) | 2 (1.6%) | 0.78 |
| Malignancy (stable) | 73 (9.9%) | 45 (10.6%) | 13 (7.0%) | 15 (12.3%) | 0.98 |
| Malnutrition | 24 (3.3%) | 16 (3.8%) | 5 (2.7%) | 3 (2.5%) | 0.40 |
| Liver failure | 6 (0.8%) | 3 (0.7%) | 1 (0.5%) | 2 (1.6%) | 0.42 |
| Thyroid disease | 60 (8.2%) | 28 (6.6%) | 17 (9.1%) | 15 (12.3%) | 0.037 |
| Gout | 97 (13.2%) | 64 (15.1%) | 15 (8.0%) | 18 (14.8%) | 0.39 |
| Dementia | 3 (0.4%) | 2 (0.5%) | 1 (0.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.56 |
| Other important non-cardiovascular disease | 65 (8.9%) | 32 (7.5%) | 14 (7.5%) | 19 (15.6%) | 0.018 |