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. 2017 Nov 20;7:15865. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-16129-3

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Optical silencing of nociceptive bladder afferents attenuates bladder nociception. (A) Schematic illustrating bladder distention (VMR) setup to optically silence bladder afferents. (B & C) Transurethral fiber optic delivery of green light to the bladder lumen to induce optical silencing of bladder afferents significantly attenuated the evoked response to 50 and 60 mmHg bladder distention compared with baseline (pre-laser) responses in SNS-Arch mice (**p < 0.05. n = 12; F (1, 110) = 11.31), but had no effect in wild type mice (p > 0.05. n = 12; F (1, 110) = 0.7119). (D & E) Representative images of raw EMG traces from wild type and SNS-Arch mice during 30 and 60 mmHg bladder distention taken before (baseline) and during (laser) green light illumination. **p < 0.05. n = 12 mice per group; F (1, 110) = 11.31, Two-way ANOVA. Error bars indicate SEM. Illustration created by Janet Sinn-Hanlon, The DesignGroup@VetMed, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.