Table 1.

Bonaire coral analytical results.

Coral Sample ID	230Th/U Age (CE)	Internal Years	Mean Annual Extension Rate (mm)	Mean δ18O (‰VPDB)	Mean Sr/Ca (mmol mol−1)	Sampling Path Calcite Content (%)
BON-1-BI	865 ± 8	71	9.3 ± 2.6	−3.48 ± 0.20	9.29 ± 0.08	≤2
BON-3-F-C	872 ± 9	27	12.4 ± 4.4	−3.27 ± 0.41	9.30 ± 0.09	0
BON-1-AII	874 ± 8	41	9.6 ± 3.1	−3.69 ± 0.23	9.25 ± 0.07	0
BON-3-DII	944 ± 13	57	12.0 ± 3.6	−3.46 ± 0.28	9.33 ± 0.10	0
BON-3-B	947 ± 9	36	11.6 ± 2.4	−3.10 ± 0.36	9.37 ± 0.07	≤1
BON-3-F-B	956 ± 8	32	9.1 ± 2.4	−3.57 ± 0.33	9.35 ± 0.12	≤1
BON-9-E	1945 ± 7	42	6.2 ± 1.5	−4.15 ± 0.23	9.24 ± 0.08	0

Bonaire coral ages determined by ²³⁰Th/U-dating in CE with 2σ-uncertainty (Table 2) are ordered from oldest (top) to youngest (bottom). The internal years of each individual colony are determined from the combination of annual cycles in Sr/Ca and δ¹⁸O measurements in addition to verification by x-radiographs of skeletal density banding (Fig. S2). Mean annual extension rate (mm), δ¹⁸O (‰ VPDB), and Sr/Ca (mmol mol⁻¹) of each individual coral time-series are listed with the 1σ standard deviation. The per cent calcite content (%) in the vicinity of the carbonate micro-sampling path of each individual fossil coral is measured by x-ray diffraction (XRD).