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. 2017 Nov 20;7:15862. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-16064-3

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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3,4-DAP plus GV-58 restores evoked neurotransmission to baseline levels in cultured neurons intoxicated by BoNT/A, but not BoNT/D or BoNT/E. Representative EPSC and mean EPSC amplitudes from cultures intoxicated with: (A) vehicle; (B) BoNT/A; (C) BoNT/D; or (D) BoNT/E. Arrows represent stimulation times. Scale bars represent 400 ms (x-axis) and 100 pA (y-axis). Mean EPSC amplitudes are presented as mean ± SEM; n ≥ 13 recordings for 5A-B and n ≥ 9 recordings for 5C–D. *Indicates p < 0.05, ***Indicates p < 0.001, ns = not significant.