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. 2017 Sep;9(Suppl 10):S1128–S1138. doi: 10.21037/jtd.2017.09.33

Table 1. Complications of tracheostomy.

Immediate
   Bleeding
   Tracheal tube obstruction
   Pneumomediastinum
   Pneumothorax
   Loss of airway
   Tracheal ring fracture
   Paratracheal placement of tracheostomy tube
   Injury to thyroid
   Cardiac or respiratory decompensation
Late
   Infection
   Granulation tissue formation
   Tracheal tube displacement or malposition
   Cuff leak
   Tracheal stenosis
   TEF
   Tracheo vascular fistula

TEF, tracheoesophageal fistula.