Table 1. Underlying etiology of massive hemoptysis in previous studies.

Study	Country	Patients (n)	Underlying cause of hemoptysis (%)
			Bronchiectasis	Tuberculosis	Lung cancer	Mycetoma	Infection/abscess	Cryptogenic	Other
Fartoukh et al. (19) [2012]	France	1087	20	25	17	6	–	18	20
Shigemura et al. (37) [2009]	China	62	23	55	6	8	6	–	2
Valipour et al. (38) [2005]	Austria	57	8.5	23	35	–	–	16	17.5
Fartoukh et al. (39) [2007]	France	195	40	14	17	7	3	–	9
Ong and Eng (18) [2003]	Singapore	29	66	10	7	14	–	–	3
Hsiao et al. (40) [2001]	USA	28	57	7	14	–	–	7	14
Revel et al. (41) [2002]	France	80	31	19	11	7.5	–	10	21.5
Mal et al. (17) [1999]	France	46	9	50	4	2	4	22	9
Knott-Craig et al. (16) [1993]	South Africa	120	–	73.3	5	6	2.5	8.3	–
Crocco et al. (9) [1968]	USA	67	10	73	8	–	9	–	–
Gourin and Garzon (42) [1974]	USA	62	11	73	3.2	–	6.5	–	–
McCollum et al. (43) [1975]	USA	15	20	33	6.7	13.3	–	6.7	–
Yang and Berger (44) [1978]	USA	20	15	50	15	5	–	10	–
Garzon et al. (25) [1982]	USA	24	17	46	13	–	8	8	–
Conlan et al. (45) [1983]	South Africa	123	30	38	4.9	3.3	4.9	–	–
Uflacker et al. (33) [1985]	Brazil	75	1.3	76	–	16	2.6	–	–
Johnston and Reisz (12) [1989]	USA	22	4	18	4	9	4	–	26
Hirshberg et al. (11) [1997]	Israel	29	21	–	13.8	–	24	–	–
Reisz et al. (13) [1997]	USA	23	–	22	43	–	4	–	4
Tanaka et al. (46) [1997]	Japan	47	17	53	10	–	–	8.5	10