Table 1.
Sociodemographic characteristics of respondents, by gender (men separated by self-reported sexual orientation).
|
Sociodemographics |
Women |
Heterosexual men |
Gay or bisexual men |
P valuea | |
| Current country of residence (by European region), n (%)b,c | <.001 | ||||
| Northern Europe | 124 (22.1) | 46 (11.6) | 123 (18.3) | ||
| Southern Europe | 279 (49.9) | 261 (65.9) | 139 (20.7) | ||
| Rest of Europe | 156 (27.9) | 89 (22.5) | 411 (61.1) | ||
| Age, years, median (IQR)b,d | 35 (28-43) | 36 (28-43) | 33 (28-43) | <.001 | |
| In current country, years, median (IQR)b,d | 8 (3-13) | 8 (3-15) | 5 (2-12) | <.001 | |
| Age at migration, years, mean (SD)b,e | 26.8 (10.3) | 27.2 (10.1) | 26.8 (9.3) | .78 | |
| Region of birth, n (%)b,f | <.001 | ||||
| Africa | 155 (27.7) | 167 (42.2) | 36 (5.4) | ||
| Latin America and the Caribbean | 117 (20.9) | 47 (11.9) | 209 (31.1) | ||
| Rest of the world | 24 (4.3) | 4 (1.0) | 38 (5.7) | ||
| Asia | 43 (7.7) | 71 (17.9) | 57 (8.5) | ||
| Europe | 220 (39.4) | 107 (27.2) | 333 (49.5) | ||
| Ethnicity (n=1618), n (%) | <.001 | ||||
| Arab or Magrhebian | 13 (2.4) | 30 (7.7) | 9 (1.3) | ||
| Asian | 28 (5.1) | 42 (10.7) | 49 (7.3) | ||
| Black African or Caribbean | 125 (22.6) | 125 (31.9) | 17 (2.5) | ||
| Latin American or Hispanic | 64 (11.6) | 31 (7.9) | 124 (18.5) | ||
| Mixed ethnicity | 40 (7.2) | 21 (5.4) | 88 (13.1) | ||
| Other | 44 (7.9) | 55 (14.0) | 39 (5.8) | ||
| White European | 201 (36.3) | 83 (21.2) | 302 (44.9) | ||
| White other | 39 (7.0) | 5 (1.3) | 44 (6.6) | ||
| Education: upper secondary or more, n (%)b | 398 (71.2) | 248 (62.6) | 600 (89.2) | <.001 | |
| Employment: working full- or part-time, n (%)b | 297 (53.1) | 177 (44.7) | 501 (74.4) | <.001 | |
| Relationship status, n (%)b | <.001 | ||||
| Married or cohabitating | 283 (50.6) | 165 (41.7) | 205 (30.5) | ||
| Single | 206 (36.8) | 182 (46.0) | 397 (59.0) | ||
| Living apart relationship or marriage | 70 (12.5) | 49 (12.3) | 71 (10.6) | ||
| Religion of those who attend services (n=627), n (%) | <.001 | ||||
| Christian (all denominations) | 196 (83.4) | 119 (59.5) | 167 (87.0) | ||
| Muslim or Islam | 23 (9.8) | 66 (33.0) | 9 (4.7) | ||
| Other | 16 (6.8) | 15 (7.5) | 16 (8.3) | ||
| Monthly income compared with national minimum wage (n=1575), n (%) | <.001 | ||||
| More or a lot more | 169 (32.1) | 113 (29.4) | 372 (56.0) | ||
| About the same | 65 (12.3) | 40 (10.4) | 88 (13.3) | ||
| Less than minimum wage | 122 (23.2) | 89 (23.2) | 120 (18.1) | ||
| No earnings | 171 (32.5) | 142 (37.0) | 84 (12.7) | ||
| Not known | 169 (32.1) | 113 (29.4) | 372 (56.0) | ||
| Moderate or severe household hunger in the past 4 weeks (n=1520), n (%) | 130 (25.8) | 121 (34.5) | 89 (13.4) | <.001 | |
| Immigration status, n (%) (n=1625) | <.001 | ||||
| Permanent residency | 343 (61.6) | 183 (46.3) | 482 (71.6) | ||
| Temporary residency | 86 (15.4) | 84 (21.3) | 157 (23.3) | ||
| Asylum seeker or refugee status | 35 (6.3) | 63 (16.0) | 9 (1.3) | ||
| Undocumentedf | 78 (14.0) | 55 (13.9) | 23 (3.4) | ||
| Unknown | 15 (2.7) | 10 (2.5) | 2 (0.3) | ||
| Living with diagnosed HIV, n (%)b,g | 49 (8.8) | 26 (6.6) | 148 (22.0) | <.001 | |
| Previously injected drugs (n=1618), n (%) | 19 (3.4) | 20 (5.1) | 25 (3.7) | .38 | |
aChi-square comparing gender-related groups.
bn=1628.
cRespondents living in Cyprus (classified as Western Asia by the United Nations but included in the World Health Organization European area) were classified as living in Southern Europe.
dIQR: interquartile range.
eSD: standard deviation.
fThose who checked “None of the above” in the multichoice list of all possible immigration statuses.
gSelf-reported HIV status.