. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Nov 21.

Published in final edited form as: Eur J Dev Psychol. 2014 Jan 13;11(2):136–158. doi: 10.1080/17405629.2013.873716

Table 3.

Coefficients from the Structural Model of Parent Involvement, Full Sample (N = 4967)

	A				B				C				D

	Intercept				Change age 4–6				Change age 6–8				Change age 8–10
Variable Description	Beta		b	SE	Beta		b	SE	Beta		b	SE	Beta		b	SE
Mother’s education	0.004		0.006	0.026	-0.040	^*	−0.050	0.023	−0.010		−0.013	0.024	0.007		0.008	0.028
Child female	−0.039	^*	−0.264	0.103	−0.020		−0.116	0.092	−0.022		−0.129	0.094	0.027		0.149	0.082
Child PPVT score	0.051	^*	0.010	0.004	0.006		0.001	0.004	0.012		0.002	0.004	−0.015		−0.002	0.004
Alcohol	0.025		0.017	0.012	0.017		0.010	0.011	−0.011		−0.006	0.012	0.048	^*	0.027	0.011
Drug use	0.034	^*	0.239	0.111	−0.010		−0.058	0.097	0.006		0.037	0.100	0.009		0.053	0.099
Harsh parenting	0.044	^*	0.302	0.111	0.005		0.032	0.096	0.037	^*	0.223	0.100	−0.023		−0.130	0.099
Maternal work hours (age 4)	−0.002		0.000	0.004	−.012		−0.002	0.003	−0.008		−0.002	0.005	−0.023		−0.005	0.005
Maternal work hours (age 6)									0.000		0.000	0.004	−0.032		−0.006	0.005
Maternal work hours (age 8)													0.022		0.004	0.003
Family income (age 4)	−0.076	^*	−0.259	0.071	0.001		0.002	0.063	0.028		0.082	0.073	−0.043		−0.120	0.073
Family income (age 6)									−0.012		−0.035	0.062	0.001		0.002	0.068
Family income (age 8)													−0.026		−0.069	0.061
Bio Father resident (age 4)	0.023		0.180	0.153	−0.042	^*	−0.295	0.132	0.032		0.220	0.200	0.011		0.069	0.213
Bio father resident (age 6)									−0.017		−0.115	0.183	0.007		0.045	0.222
Biofather resident (age 8)													−0.019		−0.115	0.163
Stepfather resident (age 4)	0.035	^*	0.456	0.223	0.016		0.180	0.183	−0.014		−0.163	0.194	0.016		0.177	0.193
Stepfather resident (age 6)									0.002		0.020	0.171	0.005		0.054	0.178
Stepfather resident (age 8)													−0.012		−0.118	0.145
Number of children (age 4)	0.028		0.087	0.053	0.004		0.011	0.047	−0.024		−0.066	0.070	0.014		0.036	0.075
Number of children (age 6)									0.041		0.105	0.062	−0.073	^*	−0.178	0.075
Number of children (age 8)													0.038		0.090	0.059
Low self-regulation	0.639	^*	4.962	0.320	−0.131	^*	−0.889	0.182	−0.059	^*	−0.401	0.184	−0.074	^*	−0.472	0.170
			R ²=	0.423			R² =	0.019			R² =	0.008			R² =	0.013

												Model Fit:
				Likelihood Ratio χ² = 380.028							CFI:		0.995
				df = 68. p <. 001							RMSEA:		0.028
										90% CI RMSEA:			.025–.031

p <.05