. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Nov 21.

Published in final edited form as: Eur J Dev Psychol. 2014 Jan 13;11(2):136–158. doi: 10.1080/17405629.2013.873716

Table 4.

Coefficients from the Structural Model of Parent Involvement, Children who are More Self-Regulated (N = 3643)

	A				B				C				D

	Intercept				Change age 4–6				Change age 6–8				Change age 8–10
Variable Description	Beta		b	SE	Beta		b	SE	Beta		b	SE	Beta		b	SE
Mother’s education	−0.059	^*	−0.077	0.023	-0.030		−0.037	0.024	0.014		0.017	0.026	0.025		0.016	0.025
Child female	−0.019		−0.120	0.093	−0.046	^*	−0.281	0.099	−0.023		−0.141	0.101	0.021		0.174	0.098
Child PPVT score	−0.080	^*	−0.014	0.004	0.028		0.005	0.004	0.019		0.003	0.004	−0.010		−0.003	0.004
Alcohol	0.054	^*	0.037	0.011	0.024		0.016	0.012	−0.017		−0.011	0.013	0.047	^*	0.028	0.012
Drug use	0.068	^*	0.432	0.093	−0.025		−0.151	0.100	0.020		0.118	0.105	0.009		0.119	0.101
Harsh parenting	0.102	^*	0.639	0.092	−0.012		−0.074	0.098	0.005		0.029	0.102	−0.020		−0.095	0.100
Maternal work hours (age 4)	−0.017		−0.004	0.003	−0.014		−0.003	0.004	0.024		0.005	0.005	−0.049		−0.007	0.005
Maternal work hours (age 6)									−0.031		−0.006	0.004	0.012		0.001	0.005
Maternal work hours (age 8)													−0.010		−0.001	0.004
Family income (age 4)	−0.100	^*	−0.318	0.062	−0.031		−0.095	0.066	0.026		0.078	0.078	−0.014		−0.083	0.081
Family income (age 6)									0.010		0.032	0.066	−0.032		−0.070	0.080
Family income (age 8)													−0.023		−0.050	0.078
Bio Father resident (age 4)	−0.014		−0.096	0.112	−0.019		−0.126	0.119	0.047		0.313	0.171	0.030		−0.068	0.180
Bio father resident (age 6)									−0.068	^*	−0.437	0.153	0.004		0.239	0.203
Biofather resident (age 8)													−0.008		−0.120	0.160
Stepfather resident (age 4)	0.021		0.227	0.193	0.035		0.362	0.207	−0.010		−0.106	0.226	0.001		0.197	0.232
Stepfather resident (age 6)									−0.023		−0.238	0.151	0.026		0.195	0.181
Stepfather resident (age 8)													−0.020		−0.182	0.177
Number of children (age 4)	−0.015		−0.041	0.040	0.023		0.060	0.043	0.007		0.019	0.073	−0.032		−0.017	0.079
Number of children (age 6)									0.023		0.058	0.066	−0.093	^*	−0.169	0.082
Number of children (age 8)													0.069		0.063	0.063
			R²=	0.062			R² =	0.009			R² =	0.005			R² =	0.012
Bolded coefficients differ across self-regulation groups

												Model Fit:
				Likelihood Ratio χ² = 84.891							CFI:		0.996
				50 df, p < .01							RMSEA:		0.017
										90% CI RMSEA:			010–.023

p<.05