. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Nov 21.

Published in final edited form as: Eur J Dev Psychol. 2014 Jan 13;11(2):136–158. doi: 10.1080/17405629.2013.873716

Table 5.

Coefficients from the Structural Model of Parent Involvement, Children Who are Less Self-Regulated (N = 1324)

	A				B				C				D

	Intercept				Change age 4–6				Change age 6–8				Change age 8–10
Variable Description	Beta		b	SE	Beta		b	SE	Beta		b	SE	Beta		b	SE
Mother’s education	−0.077	^*	−0.128	0.028	−0.024		−0.036	0.028	−0.022		−0.033	0.029	−0.014		−0.019	0.028
Child female	−0.056	^*	−0.435	0.113	−0.040	^*	−0.281	0.113	0.009		0.064	0.116	0.032		0.207	0.111
Child PPVT score	0.010		0.002	0.004	0.065	^*	0.013	0.004	−0.031		−0.006	0.004	0.047	^*	0.009	0.004
Alcohol	−0.015		−0.012	0.013	−0.002		−0.001	0.013	−0.034		−0.024	0.014	0.063	^*	0.042	0.013
Drug use	0.058	^*	0.450	0.116	0.030		0.213	0.116	0.001		0.010	0.121	−0.028		−0.178	0.115
Harsh parenting	0.047	^*	0.368	0.113	−0.014		−0.096	0.113	0.075	^*	0.526	0.117	−0.018		−0.115	0.112
Maternal work hours (age 4)	−0.102	^*	−0.027	0.004	0.035	^*	0.008	0.004	−0.091	^*	−0.022	0.006	0.050		0.011	0.006
Maternal work hours (age 6)									0.044	^*	0.010	0.005	−0.131	^*	−0.026	0.006
Maternal work hours (age 8)													0.052	^*	0.010	0.004
Family income (age 4)	−0.095	^*	−0.347	0.072	0.029		0.096	0.074	0.021		0.069	0.086	0.016		0.048	0.088
Family income (age 6)									−0.012		−0.038	0.072	0.069	^*	0.206	0.086
Family income (age 8)													−0.055	+	−0.164	0.084
Bio Father resident (age 4)	0.033		0.260	0.136	−0.090	^*	−0.652	0.136	0.037		0.265	0.194	−0.022		−0.143	0.201
Bio father resident (age 6)									0.016		0.113	0.172	0.047		0.302	0.227
Biofather resident (age 8)													−0.065	^*	−0.421	0.177
Stepfather resident (age 4)	0.008		0.133	0.239	−0.035	^*	−0.524	0.239	−0.004		−0.066	0.260	0.007		0.100	0.262
Stepfather resident (age 6)									0.027		0.318	0.172	0.008		0.089	0.203
Stepfather resident (age 8)													−0.045	^*	−0.492	0.197
Number of children (age 4)	−0.046	^*	−0.142	0.049	0.029		0.081	0.049	−0.018		−0.050	0.083	0.009		0.023	0.089
Number of children (age 6)									−0.025		−0.069	0.075	0.031		0.078	0.092
Number of children (age 8)													0.017		0.042	0.070
			R ²=	0.042			R² =	0.013			R² =	0.015			R² =	0.019
Bolded coefficients differ acros self-regulation groups

												Model Fit:
					Likelihood Ratio χ² = 84.891						CFI:		0.996
						50 df, p < .01					RMSEA:		0.017
										90% CI RMSEA:			.010–.023

p <.05