Table 1:

Aflatoxin B1 content of herb and spice samples

	n	Positive samples N (%)	Number of samples surpassing the European Union limit (%)	Range of AFB1 concentration in the positive samples (μg/kg)
Sumac	9	0(0)	0(0)	ND*
Chamomile	7	100(7)	57(4)	2.0–16.6
Green cumin	10	0(0)	0(0)	ND
Black cumin	6	0(0)	0(0)	ND
Turmeric	10	80(8)	0(0)	1.3–4.2
Bay leaf	7	0(0)	0(0)	ND
Black pepper	7	71(5)	14(1)	0.7–8.4
Red pepper	10	100(10)	100(10)	15.5–57.5
Sage	2	50(1)	0(0)	2.5–2.5
Basil seeds	6	0(0)	0(0)	ND
Thyme	10	10(1)	0(0)	2.2–2.2
Mint	9	0(0)	0(0)	ND
Ginger	9	55(5)	11(1)	1.9–39.8
Fennel	9	0(0)	0(0)	ND
Cinnamon	9	0(0)	0(0)	ND
Total	120	37	16	0.7–57.5

^*ND: Not detected