Table 3.
Risk factors associated with contralateral inguinal hernia (CIH) repair rate in 170,492 male adult patients after primary unilateral inguinal hernia repair as shown by Cox regression analysis
| HR | 95% CI | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Characters of index operation | |||
| Age, y | |||
| 18–45 | 1 | ||
| 45–65 | 2.241 | (2.140 – 2.347) | <0.001* |
| 65–80 | 2.723 | (2.594 – 2.859) | <0.001* |
| > 80 | 2.306 | (2.135 – 2.491) | <0.001* |
| Hernia type | |||
| Indirect type | 1 | ||
| Direct type | 1.113 | (1.075 – 1.152) | <0.001* |
| Mesh placement | |||
| Without mesh | 1 | ||
| With mesh | 0.887 | (0.854–0.921) | <0.001* |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Severe liver disease | 1.663 | (1.398–1.979) | <0.001* |
| Cirrhosis | 1.564 | (1.382–1.771) | <0.001* |
| Prostate disease | 1.178 | (1.129–1.230) | <0.001* |
| Congestive heart failure | 1.138 | (1.030–1.256) | =0.011* |
| History of malignancy | 1.116 | (1.035–1.203) | =0.004* |
| Diabetes | 0.874 | (0.820–0.932) | <0.001* |
| Renal disease | 0.900 | (0.793–1.022) | <=0.105 |
| Dementia | 0.840 | (0.639–1.104) | <=0.221 |
| Rheumatic disease | 0.799 | (0.551–1.158) | <=0.236 |
| Hemiplegia or paraplegia | 1.137 | (0.898–1.441) | <=0.286 |
| Vascular disease | 0.891 | (0.711–1.116) | <=0.314 |
| Hypertension | 1.015 | (0.973–1.059) | <=0.485 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 1.013 | (0.941–1.090) | <=0.737 |
| Mild liver disease | 0.997 | (0.917–1.085) | <=0.948 |
*Significant