Table 3.
Prevalence and prevalence ratios for any masked and masked daytime, nighttime, and 24‐hour hypertension associated with MetS among participants not taking antihypertensive medication according to clinic blood pressure levels (n=359)
| Prevalence (95% CI) | Prevalence Ratios (95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | ||
| SBP 130 to 139 mm Hg or DBP 85 to 89 mm Hga | ||||
| Any masked hypertension prevalence | ||||
| Without MetS | 75.5 (63.0–88.0) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| With MetS | 79.4 (65.1–93.8) | 1.05 (0.83–1.33) | 1.08 (0.85–1.38) | 1.13 (0.88–1.45) |
| Masked daytime hypertension prevalence | ||||
| Without MetS | 65.3 (51.5–79.1) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| With MetS | 47.1 (29.3–64.8) | 0.72 (0.48–1.09) | 0.75 (0.50–1.13) | 0.75 (0.49–1.13) |
| Masked nighttime hypertension prevalence | ||||
| Without MetS | 63.3 (49.3–77.3) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| With MetS | 73.5 (57.9–89.2) | 1.16 (0.86–1.56) | 1.22 (0.91–1.64) | 1.30 (0.97–1.75) |
| Masked 24‐h hypertension prevalence | ||||
| Without MetS | 63.3 (49.3–77.3) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| With MetS | 52.9 (35.2–70.7) | 0.84 (0.57–1.23) | 0.89 (0.61–1.30) | 0.89 (0.61–1.31) |
| SBP <130 mm Hg and DBP <85 mm Hgb | ||||
| Any masked hypertension prevalence | ||||
| Without MetS | 37.3 (31.3–43.4) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| With MetS | 40.7 (20.9–60.6) | 1.09 (0.67–1.77) | 1.13 (0.72–1.79) | 1.11 (0.71–1.73) |
| Masked daytime hypertension prevalence | ||||
| Without MetS | 16.9 (12.2–21.6) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| With MetS | 7.4 (0.0–18.0) | 0.44 (0.11–1.72) | 0.48 (0.12–1.89) | 0.48 (0.12–1.90) |
| Masked nighttime hypertension prevalence | ||||
| Without MetS | 35.7 (29.7–41.7) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| With MetS | 40.7 (20.9–60.6) | 1.14 (0.70–1.85) | 1.17 (0.74–1.84) | 1.15 (0.74–1.79) |
| Masked 24‐h hypertension prevalence | ||||
| Without MetS | 22.1 (16.9–27.3) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| With MetS | 22.2 (5.4–39.0) | 1.01 (0.48–2.12) | 1.02 (0.49–2.11) | 1.01 (0.48–2.13) |
Results were obtained using multiple imputation for variables with missing data.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure.
Analyses include 34 participants with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and 49 participants without MetS.
Analyses include 27 participants with MetS and 249 participants without MetS.
Model 1 is unadjusted.
Model 2 adjusts for age, sex, and education.
Model 3 adjusts for variables in model 2 plus current smoker, physical inactivity, history of coronary heart disease, total cholesterol, and statin use.