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. 2017 Nov 16;5:304. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00304

Table 2.

In vitro cytotoxicity studies on enniatin B determined by different toxicity endpoint, time of exposure and cell types.

Cell lines Cell types Parameter Exposure time (h) IC50 (μM) Reference
A427 Human lung cancer MTT 72 ENNmix: 1.61 ± 0.14 Dornetshuber et al. (33)
A549 ENNmix: 4.08 ± 1.04
Balb 3T3 Mouse embryo fibroblast ATP production 24 ED50: 8.4 ± 0.76 Jonsson et al. (13)
BrdU ELISA ED50: 4.24 ± 0.06
Apoptosis induction ED50: 11
Caco-2 Human colon adenocarcinoma NR 3, 24 10.0 ± 3.8–2.1 ± 0.4 Ivanova et al. (10)
24, 48, 72 >15–1.4 ± 0.2 Prosperini et al. (16)
24, 48 >30 Meca et al. (44)
24, 48 No IC50 value obtained Meca et al. (64)
72 ENNmix: 1.99 ± 0.09 Dornetshuber et al. (33)
24, 48, 72 >15–11.7 ± 2.4 Prosperini et al. (31)
WST-1 24 6.3 Vejdovszky et al. (65)
CHO-K1 Chinese hamster ovary MTT 24, 48, 72 11.0 ± 2.65–2.80 ± 0.16 Lu et al. (30)
24 11.0 ± 2.65 Lombardi et al. (66)
C6 Rat glioma MTT 3, 24 ENNmix: 2.5–10 Wätjen et al. (34)
GLC-4 Breast adenocarcinoma MTT 72 ENNmix: 2.40 ± 1.53 Dornetshuber et al. (33, 61)
GLC-4/adr MVP-overexpressing subline MTT 72 ENNmix: 1.41 ± 0.83 Dornetshuber et al. (61)
GBL1 Human Glioblastoma MTT 72 ENNmix: 2.65 ± 0.30 Dornetshuber et al. (33)
GBL2 ENNmix: 2.29 ± 0.05
GBL3 ENNmix: 2.55 ± 0.14
GBL4 ENNmix: 2.33 ± 0.30
H-4IIE Rat hepatocarcinoma MTT 3, 24 ENN A1, B and B1: 1–1.5 Wätjen et al. (34)
Hep G2 Human hepatocarcinoma MTT 24, 48 No IC50 value obtained Meca et al. (64)
3, 24 ENN A1, B and B1: 10 Wätjen et al. (34)
Alamar Blue BrdU 24 206.7–435.9
0.9–1.1		 Ivanova et al. (18)
ATP production 24 ED50: 2.9 ± 0.7 Jonsson et al. (13)
BrdU ELISA ED50: 0.50 ± 0.09
Qaudroprobe multiparametric liver toxicity assaya 24, 72 0.9b Svingen et al. (27)
HL60 Promyelocityc leukemia carcinoma MTT 72 ENNmix: 1.74 ± 0.20 Dornetshuber et al. (33, 61)
HL60/vinc ABCB1-overexpressing subline MTT 72 ENNmix: 2.40 ± 0.14 Dornetshuber et al. (61)
HL60/adr ABCC1-overexpressing subline MTT 72 ENNmix: 2.1 ± 0.12 Dornetshuber et al. (61)
HT-29 Human colon adenocarcinoma MTT 24, 48 2.8 ± 0.9 Meca et al. (64)
HUVEC Human endothelial MTT 72 ENNmix: 7.89 ± 0.21 Dornetshuber et al. (33)
KB-3-1 Epidermal carcinoma MTT 72 ENNmix: 1.95–0.12 Dornetshuber et al. (33, 61)
KBC-1 ABCB1-overexpressing subline MTT 72 ENNmix: 1.77 ± 0.04 Dornetshuber et al. (61)
MDA-MB-231 Alveolar epithelial MTT 72 ENNmix: 2.36 ± 1.57 Dornetshuber et al. (33, 61)
MDA-MB-231/adr ABCG2-overexpressing subline MTT 72 ENNmix: 3.18 ± 1.70 Dornetshuber et al. (61)
MGC Human glioblastoma MTT 72 ENNmix: 3.04 ± 0.58 Dornetshuber et al. (33)
MRC-5 Fibroblast-like fetal lung Alamar Blue BrdU 24 1.9–9.8 Ivanova et al. (18)
1.9–3.6
OS 9 Human osteosarcoma MTT 72 ENNmix: 3.55 ± 0.77 Dornetshuber et al. (33)
OS 10 ENNmix: 2.10 ± 0.15
Porcine kidney cells-15 Porcine Kidney MTT 72 ENNmix: 41 Uhlig et al. (67)
RAW 264.7 Murine macrophage Alamar blue 24 2.6 Gammelsrud et al. (35)
NR 4.7
SAOS Human osteosarcoma MTT 72 ENNmix: 2.13 ± 0.07 Dornetshuber et al. (33)
SW1537 Small cell lung carcinoma MTT 72 ENNmix: 2.16 ± 0.12 Dornetshuber et al. (61)
SW1537/2R160 ABCB1-overexpressing subline MTT 72 ENNmix: 2.69 ± 0.60 Dornetshuber et al. (61)
SW480 Small cell lung carcinoma MTT 72 ENNmix: 4.00 ± 1.12 Dornetshuber et al. (33)
T98-G Human glioblastoma MTT 72 ENNmix: >10 Dornetshuber et al. (33)
U373 Human glioblastoma MTT 72 ENNmix: 4.88 ± 0.09 Dornetshuber et al. (33)
U2-OS Osteosarcoma MTT 72 ENNmix: 1.77 ± 0.24 Dornetshuber et al. (33)
V79 Chinese hamster fibroblast NR 48 4.4 Dornetshuber et al. (68)
Alamar blue 24–48 34 ± 20–2.5 ± 0.4 Föllmann et al. (69)
NR 36 ± 16–4 ± 1.5
43 ± 20–3.9 ± 3.9
Protein content (BCA)
VM8 Melanoma MTT 72 ENNmix: 3.19 ± 0.85 Dornetshuber et al. (33)
VM18 ENNmix: 2.67 ± 0.08
VM22 ENNmix: 1.75 ± 0.15
VM33 ENNmix: 9.65 ± 0.13
VM25 ENNmix: 2.72 ± 0.11
VL8 Human lung cancer MTT 72 ENNmix: >10 Dornetshuber et al. (33)
WI-38 Embryonic fibroblast MTT 72 ENNmix: >10 Dornetshuber et al. (33)

IC50 = inhibitory concentration at which 50% of enzyme activity is inhibited; ED50 = effective dose at which 50% of cells are affected.

aUsingfour fluorophore probes, six cytotoxicity-associated parameters were analyzed simultaneously: nuclear count and size, plasma membrane integrity, lysosomal activity, mitochondrial membrane potential, and mitochondrial area.

bThe concentration that deviated significantly from the control cell responses.