Table 6.
Therapy of rectal neuroendocrine tumors G1
| NET G1 without risk factors (for metastatic disease) | Risk factorsa | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Size | ≤1 cm | 1–2 cm | mostly >2 cm |
| G1 | EMR/ESDb | EMR/ESD for NET <15 mm; surgery | surgery |
a
Risk factors for metastatic disease are angioinvasion, G2–G3 histological grading, infiltration of the muscularis propria, enlarged regional lymph nodes, or tumor size ≥2 cm.
b
EMR/ESD may be considered for NET G2 ≤ 1 cm, when Ki-67 is ≤5% and final therapy will be discussed after pathological analysis of the resected specimen.
EMR = Endoscopic mucosal resection; ESD = endoscopic submucosal dissection; NET = neuroendocrine tumors.