Table 1.
Numbers, proportions, and odds ratios (95% CI) for features in cases of endometriosis compared with population controls
| Specific features | Occurrence of features in 3 years before index datea | Occurrence of features at any time before index datea | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases (N= 366) | Controls (N= 1453) | Cases (N= 366) | Controls (N= 1453) | |||||||||
| n | % | n | % | OR | 95% CI | n | % | n | % | OR | 95% CI | |
| Subfertility | 39 | 10.7 | 24 | 1.7 | 7.7 | (4.4 to 13.3) | 41 | 11.2 | 31 | 2.1 | 5.9 | (3.6 to 9.7) |
| Menstrual — bleeding | 121 | 33.1 | 179 | 12.3 | 3.8 | (2.8 to 5.0) | 151 | 41.3 | 267 | 18.4 | 3.3 | (2.6 to 4.3) |
| Menstrual — timing | 39 | 10.7 | 80 | 5.5 | 2.1 | (1.4 to 3.2) | 45 | 12.3 | 117 | 8.1 | 1.6 | (1.1 to 2.3) |
| Ovarian | 24 | 6.6 | 7 | 0.5 | 13.7 | (5.9 to 31.8) | 25 | 6.8 | 11 | 0.8 | 9.8 | (4.7 to 20.4) |
| Pain | 145 | 39.6 | 79 | 5.4 | 14.9 | (10.1 to 21.9) | 169 | 46.2 | 146 | 10.1 | 9.9 | (7.1 to 13.6) |
| Non-specific symptoms | ||||||||||||
| Fatigue | 56 | 15.3 | 121 | 8.3 | 2.0 | (1.4 to 2.8) | 79 | 21.6 | 178 | 12.3 | 2.0 | (1.5 to 2.7) |
| Gynaecological | 51 | 13.9 | 47 | 3.2 | 5.0 | (3.3 to 7.7) | 77 | 21.0 | 97 | 6.7 | 4.0 | (2.8 to 5.6) |
| Lower GI | 104 | 28.4 | 144 | 9.9 | 3.7 | (2.8 to 5.0) | 126 | 34.4 | 213 | 14.7 | 3.3 | (2.5 to 4.3) |
| Upper GI | 27 | 7.4 | 62 | 4.3 | 1.8 | (1.1 to 3.0) | 50 | 13.7 | 107 | 7.4 | 2.1 | (1.4 to 3.0) |
| Urinary | 25 | 6.8 | 49 | 3.4 | 2.1 | (1.3 to 3.5) | 42 | 11.5 | 80 | 5.5 | 2.3 | (1.5 to 3.5) |
| Tests and procedures | ||||||||||||
| Full blood count | 40 | 10.9 | 102 | 7.0 | 2.0 | (1.2 to 3.2) | 50 | 13.7 | 112 | 7.7 | 2.6 | (1.6 to 4.2) |
| Genital swabs | 64 | 17.5 | 77 | 5.3 | 4.5 | (3.0 to 6.7) | 73 | 20.0 | 111 | 7.6 | 3.5 | (2.5 to 5.0) |
| Laparoscopy | 42 | 11.5 | 13 | 0.9 | 14.6 | (7.5 to 28.4) | 47 | 12.8 | 15 | 1.0 | 13.9 | (7.5 to 25.7) |
| Thyroid function | 53 | 14.5 | 112 | 7.7 | 2.4 | (1.6 to 3.5) | 67 | 18.3 | 132 | 9.1 | 2.8 | (1.9 to 4.1) |
| Ultrasound | 14 | 3.8 | 5 | 0.3 | 12.3 | (4.0 to 37.8) | 14 | 3.8 | 11 | 0.8 | 5.0 | (2.2 to 11.4) |
| Treatments | ||||||||||||
| Contraception | 201 | 54.9 | 716 | 49.3 | 1.3 | (1.0 to 1.6) | 234 | 63.9 | 800 | 55.1 | 1.5 | (1.2 to 2.0) |
| NSAID | 171 | 46.7 | 276 | 19.0 | 4.8 | (3.6 to 6.4) | 191 | 52.2 | 393 | 27.1 | 3.8 | (2.9 to 5.1) |
| Analgesic | 136 | 37.2 | 254 | 17.5 | 3.0 | (2.3 to 4.0) | 156 | 42.6 | 343 | 23.6 | 2.7 | (2.1 to 3.5) |
| SSRI | 65 | 17.8 | 188 | 12.9 | 1.5 | (1.1 to 2.0) | 85 | 23.2 | 229 | 15.8 | 1.7 | (1.2 to 2.2) |
| Tricyclic | 29 | 7.9 | 60 | 4.1 | 2.2 | (1.3 to 3.6) | 42 | 11.5 | 82 | 5.6 | 2.4 | (1.6 to 3.6) |
a
Index date: date of diagnosis for cases, date of diagnosis of matched case for controls. CI = confidence interval. Gynaecological = vulvo-vaginal symptoms, pelvic inflammation. Lower GI = pain, bloating, irritable bowel syndrome. NSAID = non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. OR = odds ratio. Ovarian = coded diagnosis of ovarian cysts and related conditions. SSRI = selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and related antidepressants. Upper GI = dyspepsia, reflux, nausea.