Table 1.
Participants' characteristics, clinical and impulsivity measures, mean ± SD.
| HV n = 19 | GD n = 15 | Significance (two‐tailed) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 31.7 ± 7.5 | 34.8 ± 7.5 | 0.245 |
| IQ | 114.0 ± 13.5 | 116.5 ± 12.2 | 0.502 |
| CPGI | 0.2 ± 0.5 | 16.9 ± 3.5 | 0.001* |
| Gambling abstinence (days) | ‐ | 63.3 ± 50.0 | ‐ |
| AUDIT | 4.2 ± 2.8 | 6.5 ± 3.5 | 0.037* |
| Alcohol (units/ week) | 9.0 ± 8.0 | 12.5 ± 7.4 | 0.182 |
| Current smoking status (smoker/ex‐smoker) | 6/3 | 4/2 | 0.957 |
| FTND | 1.0 ± 1.8 | 2.4 ± 2.3 | 0.266 |
| Cigarettes (per day) | 6.0 ± 5.8 | 5.0 ± 7.1 | 0.793 |
| BDI | 1.3 ± 2.8 | 4.9 ± 5.0 | 0.013* |
| STAI | 31.0 ± 9.0 | 42.5 ± 9.9 | 0.001* |
| SSAI | 26.0 ± 5.1 | 36.3 ± 13.8 | 0.014* |
| UPPS‐P NU | 21.7 ± 5.8 | 30.7 ± 6.2 | 0.001* |
| UPPS‐P PU | 20.7 ± 6.9 | 25.0 ± 8.0 | 0.130 |
| UPPS‐P LoP | 20.2 ± 4.7 | 24.3 ± 5.6 | 0.028* |
| UPPS‐P LoPe | 18.2 ± 4.4 | 21.1 ± 4.8 | 0.076 |
| UPPS‐P SS | 34.3 ± 8.1 | 33.3 ± 7.7 | 0.722 |
GD, individuals with gambling disorder; HV, healthy volunteers; AUDIT, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; CPGI, Canadian Problem Gambling Inventory; FTND, Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence; GUQ, Gambling Urges Questionnaire; NART, National Adult Reading Test; SSAI, Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory; STAI, Spielberger Trait Anxiety Inventory.
*
Significant difference between groups.