Figure 3.

Phenotype and correlation analysis of InsB-tetramer⁺ cells with insulin antibody. A: IAA titer along with unbiased hierarchical clustering analysis based on tetramer⁺ cell frequency and phenotype. Each row represents an individual patient (n = 37) or sample from a control subject without diabetes (n = 26), biological replicates. N.D., not determined. B: Combined phenotype of all tetramer⁺ cells from all patients shown in panel A. C: Frequency of insulin-tetramer⁺ cells within T_EM, T_CM, and T_Naïve phenotypes from patients within each cluster as determined in panel A. D: Plasma IAA titer among patients within each cluster as defined in panel A. E: Correlation of the frequency of tetramer⁺ memory (T_EM and T_CM) cells identified in each patient with their IAA titer. F: Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis using R 3.2.4 software to measure the sensitivity, specificity, and overall performance of tetramer⁺ cell frequency or IAA to identify individuals with T1D. Bars represent the mean ± SEM. A one-way ANOVA test (D) or linear regression (E) was used to determine significance.