Table 5.
Characteristics of patients on dialysis by status of opioid prescription in the 2010 prevalent cohort
| Characteristicsa | All, n=153,758 | Nonuser, n=55,367 | Short-Term Prescription, n=62,401 | Chronic Prescription, n=35,990 | P Value for Overall Comparison |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Opioid prescription, MME/d | <0.001 | ||||
| <20 | 17.8 | 20.1 | |||
| 20–50 | 56.8 | 46.7 | |||
| 50+ | 25.4 | 33.2 | |||
| Men | 52.2 | 58.2 | 49.5 | 47.7 | <0.001 |
| Race | <0.001 | ||||
| White | 52.2 | 53.1 | 50.7 | 53.5 | |
| Black | 42.0 | 38.8 | 44.1 | 43.4 | |
| Other | 5.8 | 8.1 | 5.2 | 3.2 | |
| Age group, yr | <0.001 | ||||
| 20–44 | 16.4 | 14.3 | 17.9 | 17.0 | |
| 45–64 | 43.5 | 39.7 | 42.5 | 50.8 | |
| 65+ | 40.2 | 46.0 | 39.5 | 32.2 | |
| ESRD, yr | <0.001 | ||||
| 1–2 | 16.6 | 15.1 | 18.5 | 15.7 | |
| 3–4 | 29.6 | 31.4 | 28.8 | 28.1 | |
| 5+ | 53.8 | 53.6 | 52.7 | 56.2 | |
| Dialysis modality | <0.001b | ||||
| HD | 94.3 | 93.7 | 93.9 | 95.9 | |
| PD | 5.7 | 6.3 | 6.1 | 4.1 | |
| History of kidney transplantation | 7.6 | 6.7 | 7.9 | 8.3 | <0.001c |
| Analgesic prescription | 14.2 | 8.9 | 15.7 | 19.7 | <0.001 |
| Dual statusd | 70.9 | 63.7 | 72.1 | 80.2 | <0.001 |
| Residential area | <0.001 | ||||
| Large metropolitan | 51.3 | 56.2 | 50.1 | 45.9 | |
| Medium/small metropolitan | 29.7 | 27.3 | 30.2 | 32.5 | |
| Nonmetropolitan | 19.0 | 16.5 | 19.7 | 21.6 | |
| Nursing home residencee | 11.5 | 8.5 | 12.3 | 14.6 | <0.001 |
| Cancerf | 5.4 | 4.9 | 5.6 | 5.8 | <0.001c |
| Prior pain-related hospitalization | 6.7 | 2.1 | 6.5 | 14.1 | <0.001 |
| No. of prior hospitalizations | <0.001 | ||||
| 0 | 41.9 | 58.2 | 34.8 | 29.3 | |
| 1–2 | 34.5 | 29.9 | 38.2 | 35.4 | |
| 3–4 | 13.4 | 7.8 | 15.6 | 18.0 | |
| 5 or more | 10.2 | 4.1 | 11.5 | 17.4 | |
| Smoker | 6.8 | 5.1 | 6.3 | 10.3 | <0.001 |
| Congestive heart failure | 25.2 | 24.1 | 25.1 | 27.2 | <0.001 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 9.8 | 9.1 | 9.6 | 11.1 | <0.001 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 7.4 | 7.4 | 7.4 | 7.2 | 0.50 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 5.2 | 4.3 | 4.8 | 7.2 | <0.001 |
| Atherosclerotic heart disease | 15.5 | 15.7 | 15.1 | 15.9 | <0.001g |
| Diabetes | 54.4 | 52.3 | 55.5 | 55.9 | <0.001c |
| AIDS | 1.0 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 1.1 | <0.001c |
Values are expressed as percentages. Chi-squared test was used for overall (three-group) and three-pair (nonuser versus short-term prescription, nonuser versus chronic prescription, and short-term prescription versus chronic prescription) comparisons. Statistical significance was defined as P<0.017 using two-tailed tests on the basis of the Bonferroni method for paired multiple comparison.
Short term: 1- to 89-day supply within the study year; chronic: 90-day or more supply within the study year.
The difference between nonusers and short-term prescription was not significant; other comparisons were significant.
The difference between short-term prescription and chronic prescription was not significant; other comparisons were significant.
Dual status in Medicare and Medicaid.
On the basis of one or more claims in physician/carrier files.
On the basis of one or more inpatient stays with a cancer diagnosis and CMS Form 2728.
The difference between nonusers and chronic prescription was not significant; other comparisons were significant.