Table 7.

Adjusted HRs of death, discontinued dialysis, and hospitalization associated with specific opioid prescription in 2010 prevalent dialysis cohort

Specific Opioid	N	Outcome: Death			Outcome: Discontinued Dialysis			Outcome: Hospitalization
		HR	95% CI	P Value	HR	95% CI	P Value	HR	95% CI	P Value
Hydrocodone
Nonusera	55,367	1.00			1.00			1.00
Chronicb	18,006	1.29	1.24 to 1.33	<0.001	1.36	1.22 to 1.52	<0.001	1.29	1.26 to 1.32	<0.001
Oxycodone
Nonusera	55,367	1.00			1.00			1.00
Chronicb	8357	1.33	1.27 to 1.39	<0.001	1.57	1.35 to 1.84	<0.001	1.40	1.36 to 1.44	<0.001
Propoxyphene
Nonusera	55,367	1.00			1.00			1.00
Chronicb	2124	1.33	1.23 to 1.43	<0.001	1.47	1.17 to 1.85	0.001	1.23	1.17 to 1.29	<0.001
Tramadol
Nonusera	55,367	1.00			1.00			1.00
Chronicb	3876	1.18	1.11 to 1.26	<0.001	1.14	0.93 to 1.39	0.21	1.25	1.20 to 1.30	<0.001
Codeine
Nonusera	55,367	1.00			1.00			1.00
Chronicb	976	1.13	1.001 to 1.27	0.05	1.29	0.88 to 1.90	0.19	1.29	1.20 to 1.39	<0.001
Morphine
Nonusera	55,367	1.00			1.00			1.00
Chronicb	1025	1.56	1.40 to 1.74	<0.001	1.92	1.37 to 2.69	<0.001	1.54	1.44 to 1.65	<0.001
Hydromorphone
Nonusera	55,367	1.00			1.00			1.00
Chronicb	867	1.65	1.47 to 1.85	<0.001	2.58	1.83 to 3.64	<0.001	1.58	1.46 to 1.70	<0.001
Fentanyl
Nonusera	55,367	1.00			1.00			1.00
Chronicb	1926	1.39	1.29 to 1.50	<0.001	1.59	1.26 to 1.99	<0.001	1.31	1.24 to 1.38	<0.001

Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for sex, race, age, year of ESRD, dialysis modality, analgesic prescriptions, history of kidney transplantation, dual status, residential area, nursing home residence, cancer, pain-related hospitalization in 2010, number of hospitalization in 2010, and comorbidities reported in CMS Form 2728 (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, congestive heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, atherosclerotic heart disease, diabetes, AIDS, and smoking) in each model.

^aA 0-day supply within the study year.

^bA 90-day or more supply within the study year.