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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Neurotoxicology. 2017 May 21;64:204–218. doi: 10.1016/j.neuro.2017.05.009

Fig. 5. Mn-induced production of pro-inflammatory factors in astrocytes.

Fig. 5

(A-F) q-RT-PCR analysis of primary mouse astrocytes treated with 100 μM Mn for 24 h induced expression of the pro-inflammatory factors IL-12b (A), IL-6 (B), TNFα (C), Nos2 (D), pro-IL-1β (E) and GM-CSF (F). (G-I) Luminex analysis of treatment medium from primary astrocytes exposed to 100 μM Mn for 24 h, revealing induction of the released pro-inflammatory factors IL-6 (G), IL-12 (H), TNFα (I). Data analyzed via Student's t-test, *p<0.05, **p <0.01, ***p<0.001. Data represented as mean±SEM with 2-8 biological replicates from 2-3 independent experiments.