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. 2017 Nov 21;7:15976. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-14159-5

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effect of whey protein concentrate (WPC), rapamycin, and their combination on the redox status of breast cancer cells. (a) Glutathione (GSH) levels in non-tumorigenic MCF-10A cells and MDA-MB-231 cells after incubation with 10 mg/mL WPC for 48 hours. Effect of 48-hour treatment with 10 mg/mL WPC, 1 μM rapamycin, and their combination on (b) GSH levels and (c) reactive oxygen species (ROS) content in MDA-MB-231 cells, displayed as representative flow cytometry histograms and (d) a bar graph indicating fold-change relative to control levels. Data represent the means ± SD from three experiments. *P < 0.05; n.s.: not significant.