Figure 4.

Functional measurements of cardiovascular variables in ketamine-xylazine anesthetized Red Junglefowl (Gallus gallus, Gg) and Ornate Tinamou (Nothoprocta ornata, No) before (Bsl – baseline) and after the administration of 3 ug kg⁻¹ of isoproterenol (Iso3). (a) Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP, mm Hg) measured from an intravascular catheter in the brachial artery. (b) Heart Rate calculated from the instantaneous pressure trace. (c) Mass specific total Cardiac Output (CO) estimated from a transit flow probe placed in the aortic arch after the splitting of the brachiocephalic arteries (see Material and Methods and Suppl. Figure 5 for details) and (d) Stroke Volume calculated from the quotient between CO and heart rate. All data presented as mean and 95% confidence intervals with individual data points shown (N = 5 for Gg and N = 4 for No). Due to small sample size and an assumed lack of normality and homocedasticity of the data, paired permutation tests were used to test for differences between species and for the effect of isoproterenol treatment using StatBoss (see Material and Methods for further details). A customary fiduciary significant level of p < 0.05 was used after compensation for multiple comparisons. Statistical differences between species but not due to treatment were seen only in panels (c) and (d) and are shown by dissimilar letters.