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. 2017 Nov 21;7:15964. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-16297-2

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Relative expression of the three main MAP kinase genes: ERK (a), p38 (b) and Jnk (c) and PI3K (d) in Red Junglefowl (Gallus gallus, Gg, N = 6), Chilean Tinamou (Nothoprocta perdicaria, Np, N = 12) and Ornate Tinamou (Nothoprocta ornata, No, N = 7). All values calculated in relation to the expression in Red Junglefowl after normalization against three housekeeping genes: GAPDH, β-actin and TBP. Dotted line indicates the reference expression level for Red Junglefowl. All data presented as mean and 95% confidence intervals with individual data points shown. For statistical analysis we used general linear modeling (GLM) considering species as a factor followed by Tukey posthoc test with a customary fiduciary significant level of p < 0.05 (shown as dissimilar letters) in Minitab 17.