Table 3.
Summary of published studies estimating ONSD using ultrasonography in healthy volunteers.
| Author (Reference) | Nation | Number* [mean age (years)] | Mean ± SD (95% CI) | Range | Associated factor | Non-associated factor |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asian population | ||||||
| Maude11 | Bangladesh | 136 (NA) | 4.41 (4.25–4.75) mm | 4.24–4.83 mm | NA | Sex, age, HC |
| Shirodkar12 | India | 41 (27.4) | F: 4.63 ± 0.09 (4.59–4.67) mm | NA | NA | NA |
| M: 4.80 ± 0.10 (4.76–4.84) mm | ||||||
| Chen13 | China | 519 (46.1) | 5.1 ± 0.5 (5.06–5.14) mm | 3.5–6.4 mm | OND | Sex, age, weight, height, ETD |
| Wang14 | China | 230 (43.2) | 3.46 ± 0.28 (3.42–3.49) mm | 2.65–4.30 mm | Sex, BMI | Age, HC, waistline, MABP |
| Karami15 | Iran | 32 (59.5) | 3.2 ± 0.3 (3.1–3.3) mm | 2.6–4.1 mm | NA | NA |
| Rehman16 | Pakistan | 26 (34.7) | 4.33 ± 0.38 (4.18–4.48) mm | NA | NA | NA |
| Current study | South Korea | 585 (21.4) | 4.11 ± 0.35 (4.09–4.14) mm | 3.30–5.20 mm | ETD | Sex, weight, height, BMI, HC |
| Western population | ||||||
| Ballantyne17 | UK | 67 (37) | 3.2–3.6 mm | 2.4–4.7 mm | NA | NA |
| Romagnuolo18 | USA | 10 (NA) | Rt.: 4.6 ± 0.71 (4.09–5.11) mmLt.: 4.5 ± 0.56 (4.1–4.9) mm | NA | NA | Position |
| Blehar19 | USA | 27 (36.6) | 4.3 (4.0–4.7) mm | NA | NA | NA |
| Shah20 | USA | 40 | 3.71–3.92 mm | NA | NA | NA |
| Skoloudik21 | Czech Republic | 16 (68.6) | 3.41 mm | NA | NA | NA |
| Bauerle8 | Germany | 40 (37.1) | 5.4 ± 0.6 (5.2–5.6) mm | 4.3–7.6 mm | NA | Sex, age, BMI |
| Bauerle22 | Germany | 15 (24.5) | 5.43 ± 0.49 (5.18–5.68) mm | 4.6–6.4 mm | NA | NA |
| Strapazzon23 | Italy | 19 (39.5) | 5.45 ± 0.29 (5.32–5.58) mm | 4.85–5.94 mm | Hypobaric hypoxia | NA |
| Lochner24 | Italy | 21 (34.2) | Median: 5.2 (IQR: 4.8–5.5) mm | NA | NA | Sex, age |
| Lochner9 | Italy | 20 (46.3) | 5.95 ± 0.68 (5.65–6.25) mm | 4.5–7.7 mm | NA | NA |
| Amini25 | USA | 42 (24) | Rt.: 4.73 ± 0.73 (4.50–4.96) mm Lt.: 4.48 ± 0.62 (4.28–4.68) mm | NA | NA | NA |
| Lefferts26 | USA | 20 (24) | 4.99 ± 0.68 (4.69–5.29) mm | NA | NA | Acute resistance exercise |
| Goeres27 | Canada | 120 (29.3) | 3.68 ± 0.36 (2.85–4.40) mm | NA | Sex | Age, weight, height |
| Zeiler28 | Canada | 120 (29.3) | 3.68 (2.85–4.40) mm | NA | NA | NA |
| Dinsmore29 | Canada | 11 (33.5) | 4.2 ± 0.7 (3.8–4.6) mm | NA | End-tidal PCO2 | NA |
*Data are number of healthy volunteers.
ONSD, optic nerve sheath diameter; SD, standard deviation; CI, confidence interval; NA, not applicable; HC, head circumference; OND, optic nerve diameter; ETD, eyeball transverse diameter; BMI, body mass index; MABP, mean arterial blood pressure; IQR, interquartile range.