Table 1.
Genes involved in milk fat synthesis and secretion. 45 genes previously reported to be involved in nine different bioprocesses (in bold) of milk fat biosynthesis and secretion [3] were studied.
| Gene name | Gene product |
|---|---|
| (1) FA import into cells | |
| CD36 | CD36 molecule (thrombospondin receptor) |
| LPL | Lipoprotein lipase |
| VLDLR | Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor |
| (2) Xenobiotic and Cholesterol transport | |
| ABCA1 | ATP-binding cassette, subfamily A (ABC1), member 1 |
| ABCG2 | ATP-binding cassette, subfamily G (WHITE), member 2 |
| (3) Acetate and FA activation and intracellular transport | |
| ACBP | Acyl-CoA binding protein (diazepam binding inhibitor) |
| ACSL1 | Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 1 |
| ACSS1 | Acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 1 |
| ACSS2 | Acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 2 |
| FABP3 | Fatty acid-binding protein, heart |
| (4) Fatty acid synthesis and desaturation | |
| ACACA | Acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase alpha |
| FADS1 | Fatty acid desaturase 1 (delta-5 desaturase) |
| FADS2 | Fatty acid desaturase 2 (delta-6 desaturase) |
| FASN | Fatty acid synthase |
| SCD5 | Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (delta-9-desaturase) |
| (5) Triacylglycerol synthesis | |
| AGPAT6 | 1-Acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 6 |
| DGAT1 | Diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 |
| DGAT2 | Diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 |
| GPAM | Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, mitochondrial |
| LPIN1 | Lipin 1 |
| (6) Sphingolipid synthesis | |
| ASAHL | N-Acylsphingosine amidohydrolase-like |
| LASS2 | LAG1 homolog, ceramide synthase 2 |
| OSBP | Oxysterol-binding protein 1 |
| OSBPL10 | Oxysterol-binding protein-like 10 |
| OSBPL2 | Oxysterol-binding protein-like 2 |
| SGPL1 | Sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase |
| SPHK2 | Sphingosine kinase 2 |
| SPTLC1 | Serine palmitoyltransferase, long-chain base subunit 1 |
| SPTLC2 | Serine palmitoyltransferase, long-chain base subunit 2 |
| UGCG | Ceramide glucosyltransferase |
| (7) Lipid droplet formation | |
| ADFP | Adipose differentiation related protein (adipophilin, PLIN2) |
| BTN1A1 | Butyrophilin, subfamily 1, member A1 |
| PLIN | Perilipin |
| XDH | Xanthine dehydrogenase |
| (8) Ketone body Utilization | |
| BDH1 | 3-Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, type 1 |
| OXCT1 | 3-Oxoacid CoA transferase 1 |
| (9) Regulation of transcription | |
| INSIG1 | Insulin-induced gene 1 |
| INSIG2 | Insulin-induced gene 2 |
| PPARG | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma |
| PPARGC1A | PPAR gamma, coactivator 1 alpha |
| PPARGC1B | PPAR gamma, coactivator 1 beta |
| SCAP | SREBP cleavage activating protein |
| SREBF1 | Sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 |
| SREBF2 | Sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 2 |
| THRSP | Thyroid hormone responsive SPOT14 |