Table 2.
Sociodemographics for categorical variables by group.
| Variable | App (N=60), n (%) |
Brochure (N=60), n (%) |
All (N=120), n (%) |
Group difference | ||
| χ2 (degrees of freedom) | P value | |||||
| Highest level of education | ||||||
| Middle school and less | 4 (7) | 5 (8) | 9 (7.5) | 2.7 (3) | .44 | |
| Completed high school | 10 (17) | 14 (23) | 24 (20.0) | |||
| Completed college or university | 36 (60) | 27 (45) | 63 (52.5) | |||
| Completed graduate school | 10 (17) | 14 (23) | 24 (20.0) | |||
| Employment | ||||||
| No | 28 (47) | 31 (52) | 59 (49.2) | 0.3 (1) | .58 | |
| Yes | 32 (53) | 29 (48) | 61 (50.8) | |||
| Household monthly income in US dollars (including tax) | ||||||
| Up to US $2999 | 13 (22) | 15 (25) | 28 (23.3) | 1.3 (3) | .74 | |
| US $3000-$6999 | 21 (35) | 19 (32) | 40 (33.3) | |||
| US $7000-$11,999 | 16 (27) | 13 (22) | 29 (24.2) | |||
| US $12,000 or more | 9 (15) | 13 (22) | 22 (18.3) | |||
| Financial status | ||||||
| Very bad | 1 (2) | 2 (3) | 3 (2.5) | 1.3 (4) | .86 | |
| Bad | 5 (8) | 7 (12) | 12 (10.0) | |||
| Fair | 40 (67) | 35 (58) | 75 (62.5) | |||
| Good | 13 (22) | 13 (22) | 26 (21.7) | |||
| Very good | 1 (2) | 2 (3) | 3 (2.5) | |||
| Marital status | ||||||
| Single | 3 (5) | 2 (3) | 5 (4.2) | 1.1 (3) | .78 | |
| Married or cohabitating | 51 (85) | 53 (88) | 104 (86.7) | |||
| Separated or divorced | 4 (7) | 2 (3) | 6 (5.0) | |||
| Widowed | 2 (3) | 3 (5) | 5 (4.2) | |||
| Family members | ||||||
| Alone | 6 (10) | 6 (10) | 12 (10.0) | 1.1 (3) | .78 | |
| With spouse | 13 (22) | 17 (28) | 30 (25.0) | |||
| With spouse and children | 36 (60) | 34 (57) | 70 (58.3) | |||
| With children (no spouse) | 5 (8) | 3 (5) | 8 (6.7) | |||
| Type of residence | ||||||
| Own house or condominium | 42 (70) | 37 (62) | 79 (65.8) | 3.6 (4) | .46 | |
| Leased house or condominium | 11 (18) | 18 (30) | 29 (24.2) | |||
| Public housing | 5 (8) | 2 (3) | 7 (5.8) | |||
| Rented room | 1 (2) | 2 (3) | 3 (2.5) | |||
| Others | 1 (2) | 1 (2) | 2 (1.7) | |||
| Current health condition | ||||||
| Very bad | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.8) | 7.7 (4) | .10 | |
| Bad | 7 (12) | 9 (15) | 16 (13.3) | |||
| Fair | 29 (48) | 30 (50) | 59 (49.2) | |||
| Good | 13 (22) | 19 (32) | 32 (26.7) | |||
| Very good | 10 (17) | 2 (3) | 12 (10.0) | |||
| Number of exercises per week | ||||||
| 0 | 19 (32) | 16 (27) | 35 (29.2) | 1.6 (4) | .81 | |
| 1-2 | 19 (32) | 22 (37) | 41 (34.2) | |||
| 3-4 | 15 (25) | 18 (30) | 33 (27.5) | |||
| 5-6 | 5 (8) | 3 (5) | 8 (6.7) | |||
| 7+ | 2 (3) | 1 (2) | 3 (2.5) | |||
| Smoking | ||||||
| No | 57 (95) | 58 (97) | 115 (95.8) | .a (1) | >.99 | |
| Yes | 3 (5) | 2 (3) | 5 (4.2) | |||
| Drinking | ||||||
| No | 51 (85) | 46 (77) | 97 (80.8) | 1.4 (1) | .25 | |
| Yes | 9 (15) | 14 (23) | 23 (19.2) | |||
aDot signifies that no numeric value is available. Instead of Pearson chi-square test, Fisher exact test was performed, given that the expected count for some cells is less than 5. In the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software, only the P value of the Fisher exact test is reported rather than the test statistic.