Table 1.
Study cohort characteristics
| Anorexia nervosa | Bulimia nervosa | Binge‐eating disorder | Any eating disorder | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Covariate | % (n) | OR (95% CI) | % (n) | OR (95% CI) | % (n) | OR (95% CI) | % (n) | OR (95% CI) |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Men | 11.4 (36) | 1.00 | 13.8 (11) | 1.00 | 31.3 (82) | 1.00 | 20.7 (128) | 1.00 |
| Women | 88.6 (240) |
7.28*** (4.64,11.42) |
86.2 (71) |
5.81*** (2.66, 12.67) |
68.7 (203) |
2.05*** (1.51, 2.78) |
79.3 (489) |
3.62*** (2.83, 4.63) |
| Age, years | ||||||||
| 18–29 | 28.0 (76) | 1.00 | 30.1 (23) | 1.00 | 20.8 (65) | 1.00 | 24.8 (155) | 1.00 |
| 30–39 | 19.9 (61) |
0.92 (0.65, 1.31) |
27.9 (25) |
1.20 (0.61, 2.38) |
17.1 (54) |
1.06 (0.66, 1.71) |
19.3 (132) |
1.01 (0.76, 1.33) |
| 40–49 | 22.8 (55) |
0.98 (0.67, 1.43) |
25.7 (21) |
1.02 (0.47, 2.24) |
19.3 (52) |
1.11 (0.71, 1.74) |
21.9 (124) |
1.06 (0.79, 1.44) |
| 50+ | 29.2 (84) |
0.52*** (0.36, 0.74) |
16.3 (13) |
0.27** (0.10, 0.72) |
42.8 (114) |
1.03 (0.70, 1.51) |
34.1 (206) |
0.68* (0.50, 0.92) |
| Marital status | ||||||||
| Married/common law | 58.3 (138) | 1.00 | 44.1 (33) | 1.00 | 55.2 (124) | 1.00 | 55.6 (283) | 1.00 |
| Widowed/divorced/separated | 19.4 (72) |
0.98 (0.69, 1.39) |
22.3 (20) |
1.49 (0.77, 2.89) |
19.6 (72) |
1.04 (0.76, 1.43) |
19.7 (156) |
1.05 (0.82, 1.33) |
| Single/never married | 22.3 (66) |
0.98 (0.67, 1.42) |
33.6 (29) |
1.96* (1.03, 3.76) |
25.3 (89) |
1.18 (0.85, 1.64) |
24.7 (178) |
1.14 (0.88, 1.49) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||||
| White | 80.0 (210) | 1.00 | 70.8 (45) | 1.00 | 70.9 (179) | 1.00 | 74.4 (415) | 1.00 |
| Other | 20.0 (66) |
0.49*** (0.34, 0.69) |
29.2 (37) |
0.81 (0.43, 1.52) |
29.1 (106) |
0.80 (0.58, 1.10) |
25.6 (202) |
0.67*** (0.54, 0.83) |
| Past year household income, $ | ||||||||
| ≤19,999 | 18.2 (64) | 1.00 | 20.7 (23) | 1.00 | 23.1 (86) | 1.00 | 20.8 (167) | 1.00 |
| 20,000–39,999 | 16.1 (54) |
0.76 (0.48, 1.22) |
17.8 (23) |
0.74 (0.40, 1.37) |
24.8 (78) |
0.93 (0.67, 1.28) |
20.0 (150) |
0.83 (0.65, 1.06) |
| 40,000–69,999 | 22.7 (58) |
1.13 (0.77, 1.65) |
24.2 (15) |
1.06 (0.46, 2.41) |
20.8 (61) |
0.81 (0.58, 1.13) |
21.5 (127) |
0.93 (0.73, 1.19) |
| >70,000 | 43.0 (100) |
1.49 (0.98, 2.28) |
37.3 (21) |
1.14 (0.53, 2.45) |
31.3 (60) |
0.85 (0.59, 1.23) |
37.7 (173) |
1.14 (0.88, 1.48) |
| Education | ||||||||
| Less than high school | 4.7 (14) | 1.00 | 11.7 (14) | 1.00 | 12.8 (40) | 1.00 | 9.1 (66) | 1.00 |
| High school | 16.5 (48) |
1.78 (0.88, 3.60) |
19.2 (16) |
0.82 (0.31, 2.16) |
24.5 (67) |
0.96 (0.61, 1.54) |
20.3 (126) |
1.12 (0.78, 1.63) |
| Some college | 28.6 (74) |
3.70*** (1.81, 7.56) |
23.4 (18) |
1.20 (0.55, 2.64) |
22.8 (65) |
1.07 (0.69, 1.68) |
25.1 (150) |
1.67** (1.20, 2.34) |
| Completed postsecondary degree | 50.2 (140) |
3.54*** (1.92, 6.51) |
45.7 (34) |
1.28 (0.57, 2.89) |
39.9 (113) |
1.02 (0.68, 1.53) |
45.5 (275) |
1.66*** (1.23, 2.23) |
| Any family history of dysfunction | ||||||||
| No | 54.1 (149) | 1.00 | 43.7 (36) | 1.00 | 43.5 (125) | 1.00 | 49.2 (300) | 1.00 |
| Yes | 45.9 (122) |
2.05*** (1.56, 2.68) |
56.3 (44) |
3.10*** (1.83, 5.23) |
56.5 (157) |
3.15*** (2.28, 4.34) |
50.8 (308) |
2.53*** (2.11, 3.03) |
| Any mental disorders | ||||||||
| No | 14.4 (39) | 1.00 | 6.3 (7) | 1.00 | 5.4 (18) | 1.00 | 9.5 (60) | 1.00 |
| Yes | 85.6 (237) |
4.29*** (2.90, 6.34) |
93.7 (75) |
10.59*** (4.56, 24.63) |
94.6 (267) |
12.73*** (7.22, 22.42) |
90.5 (557) |
6.95*** (5.07, 9.53) |
| Harsh physical punishment | ||||||||
| No | 72.4 (192) | 1.00 | 66.8 (50) | 1.00 | 64.5 (180) | 1.00 | 68.9 (408) | 1.00 |
| Yes | 27.6 (83) |
1.73*** (1.29, 2.34) |
33.2 (32) |
2.26** (1.25, 4.10) |
35.5 (105) |
2.52*** (1.88, 3.36) |
31.1 (208) |
2.08*** (1.71, 2.53) |
| Physical abuse | ||||||||
| No | 69.5 (188) | 1.00 | 69.5 (52) | 1.00 | 62.7 (177) | 1.00 | 67.5 (404) | 1.00 |
| Yes | 30.5 (87) |
2.07*** (1.50, 2.87) |
30.5 (30) |
2.06** (1.21, 3.52) |
37.3 (108) |
2.82*** (2.14, 3.70) |
32.5 (212) |
2.29*** (1.87, 2.81) |
| Sexual abuse | ||||||||
| No | 70.7 (191) | 1.00 | 66.1 (46) | 1.00 | 69.0 (193) | 1.00 | 70.6 (421) | 1.00 |
| Yes | 29.3 (78) |
3.31*** (2.41, 4.54) |
33.9 (32) |
4.06*** (2.39, 6.89) |
31.0 (89) |
3.59*** (2.60, 4.96) |
29.4 (184) |
3.38*** (2.72, 4.19) |
| Emotional abuse | ||||||||
| No | 75.5 (204) | 1.00 | 70.2 (50) | 1.00 | 68.8 (191) | 1.00 | 73.0 (432) | 1.00 |
| Yes | 24.5 (71) |
2.86*** (2.01, 4.06) |
29.8 (32) |
3.72*** (2.16, 6.42) |
31.2 (93) |
4.02*** (2.91, 5.56) |
27.0 (183) |
3.32*** (2.65, 4.17) |
| Emotional neglect | ||||||||
| No | 86.1 (228) | 1.00 | 72.0 (52) | 1.00 | 81.6 (231) | 1.00 | 82.8 (493) | 1.00 |
| Yes | 13.9 (46) |
1.46* (1.03, 2.06) |
28.0 (29) |
3.53*** (2.00, 6.24) |
18.4 (51) |
2.05*** (1.49, 2.81) |
17.2 (118) |
1.90*** (1.52, 2.38) |
| Physical neglect | ||||||||
| No | 62.6 (168) | 1.00 | 57.4 (43) | 1.00 | 48.7 (134) | 1.00 | 56.5 (334) | 1.00 |
| Yes | 37.4 (107) |
1.56*** (1.22, 2.00) |
42.6 (39) |
1.93* (1.11, 3.35) |
51.3 (151) |
2.76*** (2.11, 3.62) |
43.5 (282) |
2.03*** (1.68, 2.46) |
| Exposure to intimate partner violence | ||||||||
| No | 68.5 (186) | 1.00 | 63.5 (51) | 1.00 | 60.9 (164) | 1.00 | 65.5 (389) | 1.00 |
| Yes | 31.5 (86) |
2.11*** (1.51, 2.96) |
36.5 (31) |
2.63** (1.44, 4.81) |
39.1 (116) |
2.96*** (2.23, 3.92) |
34.5 (219) |
2.45*** (2.02, 2.97) |
| Any child maltreatment | ||||||||
| No | 36.0 (97) | 1.00 | 31.7 (21) | 1.00 | 26.4 (68) | 1.00 | 31.8 (181) | 1.00 |
| Yes | 64.0 (177) |
1.86*** (1.39, 2.50) |
68.3 (61) |
2.25** (1.25, 4.06) |
73.6 (217) |
2.92*** (2.16, 3.94) |
68.2 (434) |
2.27*** (1.85, 2.78) |
| Number of types of child maltreatment | ||||||||
| 0 | 36.2 (97) | 1.00 | 32.1 (21) | 1.00 | 26.7 (68) | 1.00 | 32.1 (181) | 1.00 |
| 1 | 17.4 (45) |
1.15 (0.76, 1.73) |
15.4 (10) |
1.14 (0.40, 3.27) |
20.0 (54) |
1.79** (1.18, 2.70) |
18.6 (106) |
1.39* (1.04, 1.85) |
| 2+ | 46.4 (130) |
2.46*** (1.79, 3.36) |
52.6 (50) |
3.12*** (1.72, 5.67) |
53.2 (158) |
3.82*** (2.78, 5.25) |
49.3 (320) |
2.98*** (2.40, 3.70) |
Note. Data are presented as % (n). All n values were unweighted, and all percentages were weighted.
*p ≤ .05; **p ≤ .01; ***p ≤ .001.