Table 2.
Association between personal income, smoking habits and covariates, without adjustment for socio‐economic status variables: odds ratios/betas [95% confidence intervals (CI)].
|
Smoking experimentera
(odds ratios, 95% CI) |
Weekly smokinga
(odds ratios, 95% CI) |
Daily smokinga
(odds ratios, 95%CI) |
Smoking intensityb
(β, 95% CI) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Personal income | ||||
| First quintile | Reference | |||
| Second quintile | 1.25 (1.08, 1.46) | 2.50 (1.77, 3.53) | 1.70 (1.37, 2.12) | −0.05 (−0.26, 0.16) |
| Third quintile | 1.71 (1.44, 2.01) | 2.36 (1.61, 3.46) | 3.20 (2.52, 4.06) | 0.28 (0.05, 0.51) |
| Fourth quintile | 1.92 (1.62, 2.28) | 3.94 (2.77, 5.61) | 3.44 (2.76, 4.30) | 0.24 (0.03, 0.45) |
| Fifth quintile | 1.87 (1.56, 2.23) | 3.51 (2.41, 5.10) | 4.55 (3.64, 5.69) | 0.56 (0.35, 0.77) |
| Male versus female | 0.92 (0.82, 1.02) | 0.91 (0.74, 1.15) | 1.03 (0.89, 1.19) | 0.23 (0.09, 0.37) |
| Age | ||||
| Age < 15 | Reference | |||
| Age 16 | 1.36 (1.20, 1.55) | 1.89 (1.47, 2.41) | 2.00 (1.70, 2.35) | 0.03 (−0.12, 0.17) |
| Age 17 | 1.24 (0.99, 1.55) | 1.70 (1.12, 2.59) | 3.32 (2.64, 4.18) | 0.49 (0.28, 0.70) |
| Father smokes | 1.23 (1.08, 1.40) | 1.29 (0.99, 1.67) | 1.89 (1.62, 2.21) | 0.28 (0.14, 0.42) |
| Mother smokes | 1.20 (1.04, 1.39) | 1.14 (0.85, 1.53) | 2.52 (2.14, 2.96) | 0.38 (0.24, 0.53) |
All values are adjusted for country fixed effects.
a
The comparison is performed against never smokers;
b
this analysis is performed among daily smokers. The values shown in bold type are those statistically different from one (odds ratios) or zero (betas).