Table 3.

Association between personal income, smoking habits and covariates, with adjustment for socio‐economic status: odds ratios/betas [95% confidence intervals (CI)].

	Smoking experimenter (odds ratios, 95% CI)	Weekly smoking (odds ratios, 95% CI)	Daily smoking (odds ratios, 95% CI)	Smoking intensity (β, 95% CI)
Personal income
First quintile	Reference
Second quintile	1.22 (1.03, 1.44)	2.16 (1.49, 3.14)	1.82 (1.41, 2.35)	0.07 (−0.17, 0.31)
Third quintile	1.61 (1.32, 1.96)	1.97 (1.27, 3.07)	3.82 (2.85, 5.11)	0.59 (0.30, 0.86)
Fourth quintile	2.03 (1.67, 2.45)	3.84 (2.60, 5.66)	4.02 (3.10, 5.21)	0.40 (0.16, 0.65)
Fifth quintile	1.87 (1.52, 2.29)	3.41 (2.25, 5.15)	5.40 (4.14, 7.05)	0.79 (0.54, 1.04)
Male versus female	1.02 (0.90, 1.14)	0.96 (0.75, 1.22)	1.18 (1.00, 1.40)	0.26 (0.11, 0.42)
Age (years)
< 15	Reference
16	1.37 (1.19, 1.58)	1.79 (1.37, 2.35)	1.92 (1.60, 2.30)	0.04 (−0.13, 0.20)
17	1.39 (1.08, 1.78)	1.72 (1.07, 2.76)	3.59 (2.77, 4.65)	0.54 (0.30, 0.77)
Father smokes	1.21 (1.05, 1.41)	1.27 (0.95, 1.69)	1.72 (1.44, 2.05)	0.20 (0.04, 0.36)
Mother smokes	1.17 (0.99, 1.38)	1.24 (0.90, 1.71)	2.64 (2.19, 3.17)	0.36 (0.19, 0.52)
SSS
First tertile	Reference
Second tertile	0.98 (0.85, 1.13)	0.93 (0.69, 1.24)	0.75 (0.63, 0.91)	−0.26 (−0.44, −0.08)
Third tertile	0.77 (0.64, 0.91)	0.97 (0.69, 1.35)	0.69 (0.55, 0.86)	−0.15 (−0.36, 0.06)
FAS
First tertile	Reference
Second tertile	1.18 (1.02, 1.36)	0.98 (0.73, 1.31)	1.17 (0.97, 1.42)	0.06 (−0.12, 0.24)
Third tertile	1.11 (0.93, 1.32)	1.13 (0.80, 1.59)	1.19 (0.94, 1.50)	−0.06 (−0.26, 0.15)
Low education father	1.00 (0.86, 1.17)	0.99 (0.72, 1.35)	1.16 (0.96, 1.41)	0.29 (0.11, 0.48)
Low education mother	1.01 (0.85, 1.19)	1.02 (0.74, 1.43)	0.92 (0.75, 1.14)	0.07 (−0.13, 0.26)

All values are adjusted for country fixed effects. SSS = Subjective Social Status; FAS = Family Affluence Scale. The values shown in bold type are those statistically different from one (odds ratios) or zero (betas).