FIGURE 5.

Resveratrol suppresses VACV late, but not early gene expression. (A) HeLa cells were infected with VACV at an MOI of 1 in the presence of DMSO, AraC (40 μg/mL), or resveratrol (50 μM). At 24 hpi, the expression of viral proteins in infected cells was detected by western blotting using the indicated antibodies. (B) HeLa cells were infected with a recombinant VACV carrying a GFP gene under an early/late VACV promoter and a dsRED gene under a late VACV promoter at an MOI of 1 in the presence of DMSO, AraC (40 μg/mL), or resveratrol (50 μM). The expression of GFP and dsRED was observed and imaged using a fluorescent microscope. (C) HeLa cells were infected with VACV-P11-Fluc at an MOI of 1 and treated with hydroxyurea (HU, 10 mM) from 0 to 3 hpi. Then hydroxyurea-containing medium was washed away and replaced with cell culture medium containing DMSO or resveratrol (50 μM), and further incubated for another 3 h until luciferase activity in the infected cell lysates was measured. Luciferase activities from infected cells treated with only DMSO, hydroxyurea, or resveratrol through 0–6 hpi were also measured. The asterisk indicates significant difference (P < 0.05) between control and treated cells. The ns indicates no significant difference. The error bar indicates standard deviation.