TABLE 2.
Serum metabolites negatively associated with height-for-age z score1
| Metabolite | Description |
| 1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-GPE (16:0/18:1) | Phosphatidylethanolamine, monoene |
| Orotidine | Intermediate in pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis |
| 3-Ureidopropionate | Intermediate in the metabolism of uracil |
| Cotinine | Major alkaloid in tobacco and marker of exposure to tobacco smoke |
| 1-Palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-GPE (16:0/18:2) | Phosphatidylethanolamine, diene |
| Mannitol/sorbitol | Isomers, alcohol sugars |
| 2-Hydroxyphenylacetate | Substrate of the enzyme oxidoreductases in styrene degradation pathway |
| Trigonelline (N’-methylnicotinate) | Metabolite associated with cigarette smoking |
| γ-Tocopherol/β-tocopherol | Form of vitamin E |
| Cystathionine | Formed from transsulfuration of homocysteine |
| 1-Palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-GPE (16:0/20:4) | Phosphatidylethanolamine, polyene |
| N6-Succinyladenosine | Aspartic acid derivative |
| 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-GPE (16:0/16:0) | Phosphatidylethanolamine, saturate |
| N-Acetylputrescine | N-Acetylated form of putrescine, a common polyamine |
| 7-Methylguanine | Metabolite of DNA methylation and depurination |
| 1-stearoyl-2-oleoyl-GPE (18:0/18:1) | Phosphatidylethanolamine, monoene |
| N2,N2-Dimethylguanosine | Primary degradation product of transfer RNA |
| Vanillactate | Acidic catecholamine metabolite |
| N-Acetylvaline | N-Acetylated form of valine |
| Palmitoyl-oleoyl-glycerol (16:0/18:1) | Diglyceride, monoene |
| N-Acetylserine | N-Acetylated form of serine |
| 4-Acetamidobutanoate | In family of γ amino acids and derivatives, the conjugate base of 4-acetamidobenzoic acid |
| 1-Palmitoyl-2-palmitoleoyl-glycerophosphorylcholine (16:0/16:1) | Phosphatidylcholine, monoene |
| Vanillylmandelate | Product of catecholamine catabolism |
| N6-Carbamoylthreonyladenosine | Minor constituent of milk |
| 1-Palmitoleoyl-glycerophosphorylcholine (16:1) | Phosphatidic acid, monoene |
| N-Acetyl-β-alanine | β-Amino acid |
| N-Acetylalanine | N-Acyl-aliphatic-α amino acid |
| 1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-glycerophosphorylcholine (16:0/18:1) | Phosphatidylcholine, monoene |
| 1-Stearoyl-2-linoleoyl-GPE (18:0/18:2) | Phosphatidylethanolamine, diene |
| 1-Palmitoyl-GPE (16:0) | Lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine, saturate |
| 1-Stearoyl-GPE (18:0) | Lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine, saturate |
| N-(2-Furoyl)glycine | Metabolite associated with cigarette smoking |
| O-Methylcatechol sulfate | Polyphenol metabolite |
| 1-Methylimidazoleacetate | Main metabolite of histamine |
| 1-Palmitoyl-GPA (16:0) | Lyso-phosphatidic acid, saturate |
| Orotate | Minor dietary constituent of dairy products, root vegetables |
| 4-Guanidinobutanoate | γ-Amino acid |
| Choline phosphate | Intermediate in synthesis of phosphatidylcholine |
| 3-Methoxytyramine sulfate | Dopamine metabolite |
| Pseudouridine | C-Glycoside isomer of the nucleoside uridine |
| N-Carbamoylaspartate | Intermediate product in pyrimidine biosynthesis |
| 4-Vinylphenol sulfate | Metabolite associated with cigarette smoking |
| 1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-GPI (16:0/18:1) | Phosphatidylinositol, monoene |
| Butyrylglycine | Acyl glycine, minor metabolite of fatty acids |
| N-Acetylthreonine | N-Acetylated form of threonine |
| Erythronate | Oxidation product of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine |
| 1-Stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-GPE (18:0/20:4) | Phosphatidylethanolamine, polyene |
| Malate | Intermediate in tricarboxylic acid cycle |
| Sphinganine | Blocker of postlysosomal cholesterol transport |
| 1-Stearoyl-2-oleoyl-glycerophosphorylcholine (18:0/18:1) | Phosphatidylcholine, monoene |
| Glycerophosphoglycerol | Diglyceride, monoene |
| Palmitoyl-oleoyl-glycerol (16:0/18:1) | Diglyceride, monoene |
| 4-Allylphenol sulfate | Phenolic found in fruit |
| Homovanillate | Dopamine metabolite |
| 3-Acetylphenol sulfate | Sulfated hydroxy-substituted alkyl phenyl ketone |
| Ribitol | Metabolic end product formed by the reduction of ribose |
| Fumarate | Dicarboxylic acid precursor to malate in tricarboxylic acid cycle |
| Erythritol | Small molecule found in foods |
| N1-Methyladenosine | Purine nucleoside |
| 2-Palmitoleoyl-glycerophosphorylcholine (16:1) | Lyso-phosphatidylcholine, monoene |
| Catechol sulfate | Metabolite associated with cigarette smoking |
1
GPA, glycerophosphate; GPE, glycerophosphoethanolamine; GPI, glycerophosphatidylinositol.