Table 4.
Main results showing effect estimates for road traffic noise with 95% CIs
| Pregnancy | sample | Postnatal | sample | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pregnancy (n = 1934) | Noise at 8 years (n = 1384) | 5-year average (3–8 y; n = 1384) | |||
| Analysis | N | Coeff. (95% CI) | N | Coeff. (95% CI) | Coeff. (95% CI) |
| Crudea: | 1934 | .0033 (−.0019, .0084) | 1384 | .0088 (.0019, .0157) | .0100 (.0029, .0171) |
| Minimal adjustment setb: | 1934 | .0043 (−.0011, .0097) | 1384 | .0084 (.0013, .0154) | .0094 (.0021, .0168) |
| Mainc: | 1934 | .0042 (−.0013, .0096) | 1384 | .0083 (.0012, .0154) | .0090 (.0016, .0164) |
| Stratified by maternal education: | |||||
| High school | 181 | −.0079 (−.0267,.0109) | −.0091 (−.0289,.0107) | ||
| Up to 4 years of university/college | 627 | .0064 (−.0035, .0163) | .0059 (−.0048, .0166) | ||
| 5 or more years of university/college | 576 | .0179 (.0061, .0297). | .0218 (.0100, .0337) | ||
| Stratified by household income: | |||||
| < 600,000 NOK | 605 | .0057 (−.0039, .0153) | |||
| 600,000–900,000 NOK | 899 | .0017 (−.0063, .0097) | |||
| > = 900,000 NOK | 430 | .0087 (−.0041, .0215) | |||
| With rail traffic noise (n = 1384/1934): | 1934 | .0040 (−.0015, .0096) | 1384 | .0083 (.0011, .0154) | .0085 (.0010, .0159) |
| Without referred (n = 1352/1889): | 1889 | .0046 (−.0007, .0098) | 1352 | .0071 (.0004, .0137) | .0082 (.0012, .0151) |
| Without parents living apart (n = 1208/1722): | 1208 | .0074 (−.0004, .0152) | .0075 (−.0007, .0165) | ||
| Without premature (n = 1322/1851): | 1851 | .0052 (−.0005, .0109) | 1322 | .0099 (.0027, .0170) | .0112 (.0037, .0186) |
| Without low birth wgt (n = 1335/1880): | 1880 | .0049 (−.0007, .0105) | 1335 | .0081 (.0009, .0153) | .0093 (.0019, .0168) |
| Without airpoll at 8 years (n = 401): | 401 | .0091 (−.0042, .0224) | |||
| With NO2 at 8 years (n = 401): | 401 | .0077 (−.0061, .0215) | |||
| With NOX at 8 years (n = 401): | 401 | .0079 (−.0057, .0214) | |||
| With PM2.5 at 8 years (n = 401): | 401 | .0093 (−.0044, .0229) | |||
| Without 5-y average air pollution (n = 369): | 369 | .0054 (−.0084, .0191) | |||
| With NO2, 5-y average (n = 369): | 369 | .0042 (−.0096, .0181) | |||
| With NOX, 5-y average (n = 369): | 369 | .0040 (−.0097, .0176) | |||
| With PM2.5, 5-y average (n = 369): | 369 | .0041 (−.0097, .0180) | |||
| Without air poll, pregnancy (n = 1314/1931): | 1931 | .0042 (−.0013, .0097) | 1314 | .0081 (.0010, .0152) | .0091 (.0016, .0165) |
| With NO2, pregnancy (n = 1314/1931): | 1931 | .0039 (−.0020, .0098) | 1314 | .0074 (.0001, .0147) | .0083 (.0006, .0160) |
| With NOX, pregnancy (n = 1314/1931): | 1931 | .0047 (−.0012, .0107) | 1314 | .0075 (.0003, .0147) | .0084 (.0007, .0160) |
| With PM2.5, pregnancy (n = 1314/1931): | 1931 | .0035 (−.0023, .0093) | 1314 | .0078 (.0005, .0150) | .0088 (.0011, .0164) |
aCovariates included in crude model: age and gender
bCovarites incuded in the minimal adjustment set model: age, gender, income and urbanity
cCovariates included in main model: road traffic noise, age, gender, household income, maternal education, urbanity, ethnicity, maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy, maternal smoking during pregnancy, low birth weight (>=/<2500 g) and prematurity (>=/<259 days)