Fig. 2.

Schematic representation of pole-figure measurement (A) symmetric θ-2θ scan, (B) X-ray diffraction data of lithium metal and the data from powder-diffraction file of lithium, (C) the angle of rotation ϕ that measures the azimuth of the sample in the surface plane, (D) the tilt angle ψ that defines the amount of tilting of the sample with respect to the normal to the sample surface, (E) stereographic projection of Bragg reflection intensity distribution, and (F) Li (200) pole figure of commercial Li foil.