Table 1.

US medical-surgical fall and injury studies, 2009–2016

Citation Study type Units (n)	Interventions	Falls 1000 patient days			Any injury 1000 patient days			Serious injury 1000 patient days
		Control	Intervention	p Value	Control	Intervention	p Value	Control	Intervention	p Value
Dykes et al14 Cluster RCT 8 units	Icons Patient education	4.64	3.48	0.04	0.50	0.58	0.64	*	*	*
DuPree et al21 Historic control 14 units	Exit alarms	4.00	2.61	*	1.31	0.50	*	*	*	*
Lohse et al13 Historic control 1 unit	Timed toileting	4.24	2.53	0.02	1.17	0.41	0.04	0.000	0.160	*
Titler et al40 Prospective cohort 13 units	Staff education	3.69	2.70	0.09	0.70	0.59	0.73	*	*	*
Quigley et al27 Historic control 2 units	Patient education Toileting	4.13	2.65	*	*	*	*	0.185	0.085	*
Hardin et al20 RCT 10 units	Icons Patient education Exit alarm	4.58	3.62	0.28	*	*	*	0.136	0.043	0.35

Bold indicates statistically significant decrease in the intervention group.

*Indicates insufficient data.

RCT, randomised controlled trial.