Table 6.
The risk of any fractures and of the three major groups of osteoporotic fractures (hip, forearm, and spine) by dose of clopidogrel stratified by gender.
| Crude relative risk | Any fracture HR (95% CI) |
Hip fracture HR (95% CI) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | Women | Men | Women | |
| Clopidogrel (never use as reference) | ||||
| <0.1 DDD/day | 0.78 (0.72–0.83)∗ | 0.80 (0.75–0.86)∗ | 0.49 (0.42–0.58)∗ | 0.61 (0.53–0.70)∗ |
| 0.1–0.39 DDD/day | 0.81 (0.75–0.87)∗ | 0.86 (0.79–0.92)∗ | 0.52 (0.44–0.62)∗ | 0.76 (0.66–0.87)∗ |
| 0.40–0.79 DDD/day | 0.81 (0.73–0.90)∗ | 0.93 (0.84–1.03) | 0.52 (0.41–0.66)∗ | 0.70 (0.58–0.85)∗ |
| ≥0.8 DDD/day | 0.97 (0.89–1.07) | 1.01 (0.93–1.08) | 0.79 (0.66–0.94)∗ | 0.91 (0.80–1.04) |
| TIA | 1.07 (0.97–1.19) | 0.99 (0.91–1.09) | 1.11 (0.90–1.36) | 1.06 (0.89–1.27) |
| Ischaemic stroke | 1.17 (1.07–1.29)∗ | 1.05 (0.96–1.15) | 1.11 (0.82–1.51) | 0.94 (0.69–1.29) |
| Haemorrhagic stroke | 1.03 (0.87–1.23) | 1.06 (0.89–1.25) | 1.31 (1.11–1.54)∗ | 1.02 (0.88–1.19) |
Risk of fracture is presented as crude relative risk, hazard ratio adjusted for multiple confounders. Each individual row represents the risk of fracture of one exposure variable (e.g., clopidogrel) when adjusted for the other exposures. Multiple confounders: Prior alcoholism, prior fractures, Charlson index, income, living alone or not, spironolactone use, use of bronchodilator drugs (proxy for smoking), use of drugs for smoking cessation (proxy for smoking), systemic corticosteroids, statin use, ACE use, ACE + diuretics use, combined alpha plus betablocker use, other diuretics use, betablocker use, betablocker plus other drug combined, calcium channel blocker, thiazide diuretics, loop diuretics, dipyridamole use, and acetylsalicylic use. HR, Hazard Ratio; CI, Confidence Interval; TIA, Transitory Ischemic Attack. ∗Two-tailed P < 0.05.