Table 1.
Characteristics of Patients, Stratified by Occurrence of Adverse Outcomes After Patent Foramen Ovale Closure
| Characteristica | No Adverse Outcome (N = 1,755) |
Adverse Outcome (N = 132) |
P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD), y | 53.7 (14.5) | 60.6 (14.7) | <0.001 |
| Female | 844 (48.1) | 72 (54.6) | 0.15 |
| Raceb | 0.57 | ||
| White | 1,212 (70.6) | 88 (66.9) | |
| Non-white | 505(29.4) | 42 (33.1) | |
| Payment source | 0.01 | ||
| Medicare | 458 (26.1) | 49 (37.1) | |
| Medicaid | 125 (7.1) | 14 (10.6) | |
| Commercial self-pay or other | 1,172 (66.8) | 69 (48.9) | |
| Hypertension | 790 (45.0) | 64 (48.4) | 0.44 |
| Diabetes | 265 (15.1) | 18 (13.6) | 0.65 |
| Coronary heart disease | 283 (16.1) | 28 (21.2) | 0.13 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 50 (2.9) | 11 (8.3) | 0.001 |
| Tobacco use | 194 (11.1) | 15 (11.4) | 0.91 |
| Alcohol use | 173 (9.9) | 11 (8.3) | 0.57 |
| Elixhauser comorbidities,c mean (SD) | 1.4 (1.3) | 2.1 (1.9) | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation.
a
Data are presented as number (%) unless otherwise specified.
b
Self-reported by patients or their surrogates. Numbers do not sum to group totals because of missing race/ethnicity data in 2.2% of patients.
c
Numbers represent the number of Elixhauser comorbid conditions, which comprise a comprehensive set of comorbidity measures for risk adjustment.