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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Eur J Neurol. 2017 Jul 30;24(10):1266–1273. doi: 10.1111/ene.13358

TABLE 5.

Multivariable Association Between Multivitamin Use and Total Stroke Mortality, Stratified by Key Risk Factors

Multivitamin User
Risk Factors Cases Nonuser Cases Past User Cases Current User P-interaction
Age 0.04
< 60 years 77 1.0 19 0.99 (0.58, 1.72) 37 0.74 (0.49, 1.12)
≥ 60 years 118 1.0 139 1.19 (0.91, 1.54) 368 1.12 (0.89, 1.41)
Hypertension 0.66
No 83 1.0 50 1.19 (0.81, 1.75) 114 0.95 (0.69, 1.31)
Yes 112 1.0 108 1.17 (0.88, 1.57) 291 1.16 (0.91, 1.49)
Diabetes 0.31
No 165 1.0 119 1.05 (0.82, 1.36) 335 1.05 (0.85, 1.30)
Yes 30 1.0 39 1.67 (0.95, 2.91) 70 1.15 (0.70, 1.90)
Smoking 0.71
Never 64 1.0 57 1.08 (0.73, 1.59) 166 1.05 (0.75, 1.46)
Former 67 1.0 73 1.12 (0.78, 1.60) 181 1.01 (0.74, 1.38)
Current 64 1.0 28 1.24 (0.75, 2.05) 58 0.99 (0.67, 1.48)
aHEI 0.87
< 25th Percentile 41 1.0 36 1.12 (0.68, 1.83) 76 1.06 (0.69, 1.63)
≥ 25th Percentile 154 1.0 122 1.06 (0.82, 1.37) 329 0.97 (0.78, 1.21)
Folate intake
< 25th Percentile 77 1.0 27 1.12 (0.69, 1.84) 53 1.15 (0.77, 1.73) 0.59
≥ 25th Percentile 118 1.0 131 1.15 (0.88, 1.51) 352 1.02 (0.80, 1.29)
Fruit & vegetable intake 0.50
< 3 servings/day 74 1.0 33 1.13 (0.87, 1.48) 58 1.11 (0.88, 1.39)
≥ 3 servings/day 121 1.0 125 1.40 (0.88, 2.24) 347 0.93 (0.63, 1.39)
Strokes occurring 0.06
On/before 1994 115 1.0 33 0.90 (0.59, 1.35) 71 0.87 (0.63, 1.18)
After 1994 80 1.0 125 1.29 (0.96, 1.74) 334 1.18 (0.90, 1.53)

Cases=number of stroke events

aHEI = Alternative Healthy Eating Index

Models are adjusted for age, follow-up cycle, total calories, smoking, BMI, parental history of heart disease, alcohol intake, physical activity, aspirin and post, menopausal therapy use, Alternate Healthy Eating Index, history of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes.