Table 1. Anthropometric and metabolic characteristics of the study participants.
| Nw (n = 6) | NonMS (n = 12) | MS (n = 17) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cholecystectomy/Bariatric surgery | 6/0 | 9/3 | 12/5 |
| Age, years | 41.50 ± 3.23 | 43.67 ± 2.12 | 43.47 ± 1.90 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 22.92 ± 0.55 | 34.54 ± 2.53*** | 36.27 ± 1.89*** |
| Waist circumference, cm | 79.50 ± 3.46 | 108.67 ± 4.96** | 112.32 ± 3.91*** |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.89 ± 0.01 | 0.90 ± 0.02 | 0.93 ± 0.02 |
| HOMA-IR | 2.01 ± 0.30 | 2.31 ± 0.26 | 4.48 ± 0.36***♯ |
| Serum glucose, mmol/L | 5.56 ± 0.16 | 5.13 ± 0.14* | 6.01 ± 0.21†† |
| Serum Insulin, pmol/L | 55.35 ± 9.24 | 69.17 ± 7.64 | 118.27 ± 10.49**†† |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.40 ± 0.24 | 1.34 ± 0.12 | 2.47 ± 0.42† |
| HDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.55 ± 0.12 | 1.28 ± 0.12 | 1.03 ± 0.08** |
| LDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 2.66 ± 0.22 | 3.26 ± 0.51 | 3.60 ± 0.18*† |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.87 ± 0.21 | 4.96 ± 0.41 | 5.66 ± 0.30 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 122.50 ± 4.09 | 125.42 ± 3.25 | 127.65 ± 3.77 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 79.33 ± 2.76 | 74.58 ± 2.48 | 82.35 ± 2.18† |
| Serum creatinine, μmol/L | 67.18 ± 5.30 | 68.95 ± 6.19 | 79.56 ± 5.30 |
| Serum urea, mmol/L | 9.25 ± 0.71 | 9.91 ± 0.80 | 11.76 ± 0.76* |
| Uric acid, μmol/L | 206.41 ± 14.87 | 254.70 ± 16.66* | 303.97 ± 18.44** |
| Apolipoprotein A, g/L | 1.82 ± 0.13 | 1.56 ± 0.07 | 1.46 ± 0.08* |
| Apolipoprotein B, g/L | 0.87 ± 0.04 | 0.96 ± 0.10 | 1.16 ± 0.07* |
| GGT, μkat/L | 0.35 ± 0.04 | 0.40 ± 0.05 | 1.07 ± 0.35**† |
| GOT, μkat /L | 0.25 ± 0.04 | 0.41 ± 0.08 | 0.32 ± 0.03 |
| GPT, μkat /L | 0.35 ± 0.04 | 0.53 ± 0.09 | 0.63 ± 0.06** |
Values are means ± SEM. Significant differences with respect to Nw individuals, Mann-Whitney:
* P < 0.05;
** P < 0.01;
*** P < 0.001.
Significant differences between MS and NonMS patients, Mann-Whitney:
† P < 0.05;
†† P < 0.01;
♯ P < 0.001.
Nw: normal-weight subjects; NonMS: obese subjects without metabolic syndrome; MS: obese subjects with metabolic syndrome; BMI: body mass index; HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment to quantify insulin resistance; HDL cholesterol: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL cholesterol: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; GGT: γ-glutamyltransferase; GOT: glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase; GPT: glutamate pyruvate transaminase.