Table 3.

Comparison of mean Grey Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) parameters (95% confidence intervals) between case (n=142) and control (n=426) cohorts. Differences were assessed using linear regression models adjusting for age, BMI, gender, KL-scores, race and PASE in the main analysis and adjusting for BMI, gender, race and PASE in the sensitivity analysis by KL-score. Significant P-values (p < 0.05) are highlighted in bold.

Parameter	Non-injured (n = 426)	Injured (n = 142)	Adjusted P-value	Non-injured KL 0&1 (n = 246)	Injured KL0&1 (n = 76)	Adjusted P-value	Non-injured KL 2 (n= 180)	Injured KL2 (n= 66)	Adjusted P-value
	predicted mean values [95% CI]			predicted mean values [95% CI]			predicted mean values [95% CI]
Contrast
Global knee contrast	276.16 [269.89, 282.43]	298.84 [287.97, 309.72]	<0.001	262.62 [255.10, 270.13]	288.87 [275.34, 302.40]	0.001	293.62 [282.87, 304.37]	312.97 [295.12, 330.81]	0.070
LF contrast	258.04 [252.97, 263.12]	275.47 [266.64, 284.31]	<0.001	245.27 [239.30, 251.25]	261.72 [250.95, 272.48]	0.009	274.77 [265.93, 283.61]	294.13 [279.37, 308.88]	0.028
LT contrast	174.44 [168.09, 180.80]	201.13 [190.04, 212.22]	<0.001	170.79 [162.58, 179.01]	201.34 [186.55, 216.12]	0.000	179.04 [168.93, 189.16]	202.06 [185.05, 219.07]	0.023
MF contrast	410.34 [400.14, 420.55]	426.49 [408.60, 444.39]	0.125	389.72 [376.65, 402.80]	415.60 [392.16, 439.04]	0.059	437.46 [421.08, 453.84]	443.71 [415.76, 471.67]	0.706
MT contrast	295.51 [284.78, 306.23]	322.95 [304.06, 341.85]	0.014	282.51 [268.66, 296.36]	316.67 [292.12, 341.23]	0.018	312.92 [295.78, 330.06]	331.94 [301.92, 361.96]	0.282
PAT contrast	243.30 [232.21, 254.39]	275.61 [256.16, 295.07]	0.005	227.78 [218.37, 237.20]	251.36 [234.49, 268.23]	0.017	266.12 [242.14, 290.10]	311.28 [270.45, 352.11]	0.062
Entropy
Global knee entropy	6.08 [6.06, 6.11]	6.14 [6.11, 6.18]	0.007	6.07 [6.04, 6.10]	6.13 [6.08, 6.18]	0.029	6.10 [6.07, 6.14]	6.16 [6.10, 6.22]	0.095
LF entropy	6.58 [6.56, 6.60]	6.64 [6.60, 6.67]	0.013	6.55 [6.52, 6.57]	6.61 [6.56, 6.66]	0.032	6.62 [6.59, 6.66]	6.67 [6.61, 6.72]	0.196
LT entropy	5.56 [5.53, 5.60]	5.68 [5.61, 5.74]	0.003	5.56 [5.53, 5.60]	5.68 [5.61, 5.74]	0.037	5.57 [5.51, 5.63]	5.69 [5.59, 5.79]	0.037
MF entropy	6.78 [6.75, 6.80]	6.80 [6.76, 6.84]	0.325	6.74 [6.71, 6.77]	6.78 [6.73, 6.83]	0.195	6.82 [6.78, 6.86]	6.83 [6.76, 6.90]	0.810
MT entropy	5.69 [5.66, 5.72]	5.77 [5.71, 5.82]	0.020	5.66 [5.62, 5.71]	5.71 [5.63, 5.78]	0.336	5.73 [5.68, 5.78]	5.85 [5.77, 5.94]	0.016
PAT entropy	5.84 [5.80, 5.88]	5.83 [5.77, 5.90]	0.822	5.88 [5.83, 5.92]	5.94 [5.86, 6.02]	0.154	5.80 [5.72, 5.87]	5.68 [5.56, 5.81]	0.114
Variance
Global knee variance	199.58 [195.37, 203.80]	215.71 [208.39, 223.03]	<0.001	190.14 [185.06, 195.23]	209.15 [200.00, 218.30]	<0.001	211.69 [204.52, 218.85]	225.28 [213.39, 237.18]	0.056
LF variance	191.10 [187.47, 194.72]	203.99 [197.68, 210.30]	<0.001	181.07 [176.69, 185.46]	193.80 [185.90, 201.70]	0.006	204.19 [198.03, 210.35]	218.05 [207.78, 228.33]	0.024
LT variance	140.84 [136.19, 145.48]	162.43 [154.32, 170.54]	<0.001	138.48 [132.13, 144.83]	164.19 [152.77, 175.61]	<0.001	143.74 [136.94, 150.54]	161.28 [149.84, 172.71]	0.010
MF variance	283.41 [277.13, 289.69]	291.05 [280.04, 302.06]	0.239	268.19 [260.13, 276.24]	283.39 [268.95, 297.83]	0.072	303.39 [293.37, 313.41]	303.43 [286.32, 320.53]	0.997
MT variance	200.57 [193.77, 207.37]	219.60 [207.61, 231.58]	0.007	191.74 [182.85, 200.63]	215.61 [199.84, 231.38]	0.010	212.35 [201.68, 223.02]	225.53 [206.85, 244.21]	0.231
PAT variance	183.97 [175.76, 192.18]	207.07 [192.67, 221.47]	0.006	174.25 [167.42, 181.08]	191.59 [179.36, 203.82]	0.016	198.29 [180.43, 216.16]	229.72 [199.30, 260.13]	0.081