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. 2017 Nov 22;7:16053. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-14734-w

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Comparison of the hardness and force results from experiment and simulation. (a) Hardness curves from Tip-100 and Tip-150 (experiment) is higher than those from R = 50 nm and 100 nm (simulation), and the depth to reach the hardness peak is larger as well. For the same tip radius (R = 100 nm), hardness from experiment is twice of that from the simulation. However, larger tip radius results in lower hardness and larger depth to reach the hardness peak is mutual in experiment and simulation. (b) Force-depth curves from experiment and simulation. Force curve from experiment is lower compares to that from the simulation. For the same tip radius (R = 100 nm), force from experiment is twice of that from the simulation. The influence of the tip radius is the same in both approaches.